Systematics and Evolution, Part A The Mycota

corticioid, and gasteroid forms) have evolved
repeatedly. Several orders are composed exclu-
sively (or almost exclusively) of resupinate
forms (Amylocorticiales, Atheliales, Corticiales,
Jaapiales, Trechisporales, and Lepidostroma-
tales), and this is the only morphotype that is
known in all orders of Agaricomycetes (except
Geastrales, Hysterangiales, and Phallales). Ana-
lyses of character evolution using likelihood

and parsimony methods suggest that corticioid

forms may represent the plesiomorphic condi-

tion in Agaricomycetes, with many indepen-

dent origins of pileate-erect fruiting bodies,

as well as reversals to resupinate forms

(Hibbett 2004 ; Hibbett and Binder 2002 ).

These analyses should be interpreted with

caution because they are based on limited

taxon samples and simplistic models of

Fig. 14.7Gloeophyllales (a,b) and Thelephorales (c,d). (a)Neolentinus ponderosus.(b)Veluticeps fimbriata.
(c)Hydnellum aurantiacum.(d)Polyozellus multiplex. Photos by Michael Wood (http://www.mykoweb.com)

Fig. 14.8Russulales. (a)Lactarius subcircellatus.(b)Laurilia sulcata.(c)Artomyces pyxidatus.(d,e).Macowa-
nites vinaceodorus. Photos by Ellen Larsson (a–c) and M. Jeppson (d,e)

382 D.S. Hibbett et al.