176 Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials
Problem 3 The following data were obtained for bio-fuel from pine and gasoline.
Normalization and weighting factors are also included. Perform normalization and
weighting to arrive at a single score for bio-fuel from pine and from gasoline. Comment
on the results of the single score.
Indicator Units Bio-fuel – Loblolly Pine Gasoline
Mean SD Mean SD
Acidification H+moles eq 2.38E−03 1.61E− 04 1.17E−02 8.43E− 04
Carcinogens kg benzene eq 3.04E−06 1.85E− 06 3.57E−04 2.84E− 04
Ecotoxicity kg 2,4-D eq 1.23E−03 6.72E− 04 8.00E−02 1.84E− 02
Eutrophication kg N eq 2.90E−06 6.43E− 07 2.19E−05 5.63E− 06
Global warming kg CO 2 eq 2.17E−02 1.37E− 02 1.00E−01 4.55E− 03
Noncarcinogens kg toluene eq 3.30E−02 2.39E− 02 1.07E+01 9.17E+ 00
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 9.30E−11 2.24E− 11 1.93E−10 4.05E− 11
Respiratory effects kg PM2.5 eq 8.01E−06 4.06E− 07 3.00E−05 1.93E− 06
Smog kg NOxeq 2.77E−04 1.01E− 05 1.46E−04 8.77E− 06
Normalization factors
Impact category Per year per capita
Total normalized
value per capita
Global warming kg CO 2 eq 24,500
Acidification H+moles eq 7440
Carcinogens kg benzene eq 0.26
Noncarcinogens kg toluene eq 1470
Respiratory effects kg PM2.5 eq 76
Eutrophication kg N eq 18
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 0.31
Ecotoxicity kg 2,4-D eq 74
Smog kg NOxeq 121
Weighting factors
Impact category
Weighting
factor (%)
Global warming 29
Respiratory effects 9
Cancerous 8
Ecological toxicity 8
Eutrophication 6
