46 Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials
HO
Lignin-O
Lignin
OMe
O O O
HO
HO HO
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HOHO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
HO
CHO
HO
OH HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OMe
OMe
O O O O O O O O O O
O
O
OMe
OMe
OMe
OMe
OMe
OMe
OMe
OMe (CHO)
OMe
OMe
MeO
MeO
MeO
MeO
OMe
OMe
MeO
OMe
OMe
OMe
O
O O
O O O O O O
O
O
O
MeO
MeO
OH OH
OMe
MeO
Figure 2.6A generic representation of the lignin that is believed to be localized within angiosperm
wood cells.
the macrofiber bundle [11]. This material has for roughly 130 years been the targeted
polymer for deconstructing cellulosic fibers for papermaking. A huge global paper pulp
industry has emerged since 1879 when Dahl, a German chemist, used sodium sulfate as
a makeup chemical for soda pulping to regenerate sodium hydroxide. Serendipitously,
sodium sulfide was formed and unexpectedly gave far better pulping results in
terms of rates and pulp quality. The process was termedkraftfrom the German for
“strong” [12].
