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mRNAProtein classificationPhenotypeFunctionReferenceXvelo1UnknownVelo1 found in cytoplasm in stage l oocyte. Localization of velo1 to vegetal cortex starts during late stage II oocytes. Depletion of xvelo results in decrease of germ plasm islands and loosing of associated mitochondriaHomologue of Bucky ball; Germ plasm formation and maintenanceClaussen and Pieler (^2004) and Nijjar andWoodland (2013a)Pcsk6/XPACE4Subtilisin-Like Protease/proprotein convertaseDepletion XPACE4 results in delayed formation of blastopore and disrupted gastrulation. XPACE4 depleted embryos resulted in ventralization and small headsRegulates production of TGF-beta proteins. Required for the endogenous mesoderm inducing activity of vegetal cells before gastrulationBirsoy etal. (2005)Plin2/fatvgPerilipinDepletion of the maternal fatvg mRNA results venetralized embryos that lack primordial germ cells. Inhibits germ cell determinants to move to their proper locations. Localizes via METRO and late pathway (intermediate pathway)Chan etal. (1999;2007)Gptl1NoncodingUnknownIn germ plasm until stage 30; found in dorsal tissues. Unknown functionCuykendall and Houston (2010)Exd23 ′–5′ ExonucleaseExd2 found in the germ plasm until gastrulation. Exd2 is not expressed outside the early germ line and not detectable in later stage embryos. Exd2 expression robust in spermatogenic cells of the adult testisUnknownCuykendall and Houston (2010)Xnoa 36/znf330Zinc finger proteinXnoa36 localizes to the nucleoli and the mitochondrial cloudmRNA anchoring and microtubule organizationVaccaro etal.(^2010,^2012)HermesRNA binding, RRMDepletion of hermes accelerates maturation resulting in cleavage defects in vegetal blastomeres of embryoGerm cell development, maturation and cleavage events; role in translation(?)Song etal. (2007)Centroid/ddx59ATP dependent helicaseLocalized via intermediate pathwayRegulation of germ plasm stored messenger ribonucleoprotein and/or germ plasm functionKloc and Chan (2007)Table 8.2(continued)T. Aguero et al.