Respiratory Treatment and Prevention (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

4 Discussion

In this study we assessed the impact of acute
cigarette smoking on inflammatory cytokines
and on the level of oxidative stress in EBC in

smoking COPD patients and healthy asymptom-

atic smokers. We found that the level of TNF-α,

IL-β, and MDA did not differ between both

groups at baseline and did not change signifi-

cantly 60 min after smoking a single cigarette.

Fig. 1 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in exhaled breath
condensate (EBC) in healthy smokers and COPD patients at baseline (before smoking)

Table 2 IL-b, TNF-a, and MDA in exhaled breath condensate before and 60 min after smoking a single cigarette:
comparison of COPD patients and healthy asymptomatic smokers

Biomarker

COPD patients Healthy smokers
Baseline 60 min after smoking p Baseline 60 min after smoking p
IL-1β(pg/mL) 0.37 0.74 ns 0.74 0.37 ns
(0.0–1.85) (0.00–2.59) (0.00–1.85) (0.00–3.33)
TNF-α(pg/mL) 0.68 0.46 ns 0.27 0.27 ns
(0.27–2.8) (0.27–1.03) (0.00–0.71) (0.00–0.68)
MDA (nmol/mL) 18.95 16.81 ns 19.74 20.41 ns
(16.3–20.02) (13.56–19.85) (17.93–21.98) (18.27–21.87)
Data are medians and interquartile ranges (IQR).IL-1βinterleukin 1β,TNF-αtumor necrosis factorα,MDA
malondialdehyde,nsnot significant

Fig. 2 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in exhaled breath
condensate (EBC) in healthy smokers and COPD patients 60 min after smoking a single cigarette

Acute Response to Cigarette Smoking Assessed in Exhaled Breath Condensate in... 77