Evolution What the Fossils Say and Why it Matters

(B)

Ornitholestes

Ornitholestes

Deinonychus

Ornithosuchus

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx Compsognathus Euparkeria

Pigeon

Pigeon

Pigeon

(A)

(B) (C)

Semilunate carpal

Ascending process

Mesotarsal

joint

FIGURE 12.9. (A) Comparison of the anatomical features of

Archaeopteryx with a more advanced bird, and with a small

theropod dinosaur like Ornitholestes. (B) Anatomy of the

forelimb of birds and dinosaurs, showing the semilunate

carpal, or wristbone. (C)  Anatomy of the hind leg of

birds and dinosaurs, showing the mesotarsal joint and

ascending process of the astragalus.

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