284 i Flora Unveiled
- Collins, Medieval Herbals.
- Janick and Hummer, The 1500th Anniversary (512– 2012) of the Juliana Anicia Codex.
- Janick, J., and J. Stolarczyk (2012), Ancient Greek illustrated Dioscoridean herbals: Origins
and impact of the Juliana Anicia Codex and the Codex Neopolitanus. Notulae Botanicae Horti
Agrobotanici Cluj- Napoca 40: 9– 17. - Collins, Medieval Herbals, p. 149.
- In his book The White Goddess, Robert Graves provided a translation of the opening
Latin invocation from a twelfth- century Apuleian herbal from England: “Earth, divine god-
dess, Mother Nature, who generatest all things and bringeth forth anew the sun which thou
hast given to the nations, Guardian of sky and sea and of all gods and powers; through thy
power all nature falls silent and then sinks in sleep. ... Thou dost contain chaos infinite, yea,
and winds and showers and storms; thou sendest them out when thou wilt and causest the seas
to roar; thou chasest away the sun and arousest the storm. Again, when thou wilt thou send-
est forth the joyous day and givest the nourishment of life with thy eternal surety ... thou
art great, queen of the gods. Goddess! I adore thee as divine.” Graves, R. (1948), The White
Goddess. Farrar Straus Giroux (original manuscript from the British Museum, MS. Harley
1585, ff 12v). - Singer, The herbal in antiquity and its transmission to later ages.
- Blunt and Raphael, The Illustrated Herbal.
- Reeds, K. M. (1991), Botany in Medieval Renaissance Universities. Garland Publishing,
Inc., p. 24. - Cited by Reeds, Botany in Medieval Renaissance Universities, p. 31.
- “True cinnamon” and “cassia,” respectively, are two different species of the genus
Cinnamomum in the Lauraceae family: C. verum, is native to Sri Lanka, and C. Cassia, is from
southern China. The predominant volatile compound, cinnamic aldehyde, is the same in both
species, although C. cassia has a stronger flavor than C. vera. Both spices were available in the
ancient Mediterranean via commerce. - From 1 Kings 10:10, The New Oxford Annotated Bible, Third Edition.
- Hoyland, R. G. (2001), Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam.
Routledge. - Pickethall, M., trans. (1930), The Glorious Qur’an. Alfred A. Knopf.
24. Ibid. - Morony, M. G. (1984), Iraq After the Muslim Conquest. Princeton University Press.
- Bedal, L. A. (2013), The Petra Pool- Complex: A Hellenistic Paradeisos in the Nabataean
Capital (results from the Petra Lower Market survey and excavation, 1998). Gorgias Studies in
Classical and Late Antiquity 10. Gorgias Press. - Diodorus (1935), The Library of History, Book III, Section 42. Loeb Classical
Library edition: (http:// penelope.uchicago.edu/ Thayer/ E/ Roman/ Texts/ Diodorus_ Siculus/
3C*.html) - Z. M. Qazwini. Cited by P. B. Popenoe (1924), The Date Palm, Field Research Projects,
Coconut Grove, Fla., published in 1973. - Hadith are compilations of reports that are supposed to quote the prophet Muhammad’s
exact words on a given topic. - Sahih Muslim hadith, Book 30, ch. 35, Number 5830.