348 i Flora Unveiled
- Idem., Section 25. According to Mark Elvin, the quotation, which was slightly abridged
by Camerarius, is derived from a Latin translation of four of the essays from Boyle’s Certain
Physiological Essays (Herringman, 1661). - Cannabis cultivation in Germany can be traced back to the Neolithic period. It was an
important herb in the German pharmacopoeia from the medieval period to the early twentieth
centur y. - von Sachs, J. (1890), History of Botany (1530– 1860), trans. Henry E. F. Garnsey, revised by
Isaac Bayley Balfour. Clarendon Press. Slightly modified for clarity.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid. - Translated by F. S. Bodenheimer (1958), The History of Biology: An Introduction, Dawson
& Sons, London p. 285. Modified for clarity. - Elvin, Transferring the Impulse of Life. Section 25.
- Camerarius, R. J. (1698), De spinachia & urtica androgynis. Ephemerides Germanicae,
Decuriae Tertiae, Annus quintus et sextus, pp. 484 et seq. - The existence of intermediate sexual types has now been shown to be more com-
mon than once thought. In addition to hermaphroditic, monoecious, and dioecious
plants, a number of other intermediate sexual states exist in angiosperms. According to
Ainsworth (2000), these include “gynodioecy, in which populations are composed of
female and hermaphroditic plants, androdioecy, in which populations are composed of
male and hermaphroditic plants, trioecy, in which populations are composed of male,
female and hermaphroditic plants, gynomonoecy, in which plants carry female and her-
maphroditic f lowers, andromonoecy, in which plants carry male and hermaphroditic
f lowers, and trimonoecy, in which plants carry male, female and hermaphroditic f low-
ers.” Ainsworth, C. (2000), Boys and girls come out to play: The molecular biology of
dioecious plants. Annals of Botany 86:211– 221. - Irish, E. E., and Nelson, T. (1989), Sex determination in monoecious and dioecious plants.
The Plant Cell 1 : 7 3 7 – 74 4. - Original translation from von Sachs, History of Botany. With elements from with a mod-
ern translation by Mark Elvin (2015). - Translation from M. Leapman (2000), The Ingenious Mr. Fairchild. St. Martin’s Press, p. 30.
- Camerarius was well aware that the vast majority of plants were hermaphrodites, which
“impregnate themselves” and “give birth from themselves to that which they have conceived,” a
phenomenon he regarded as “altogether extraordinary.” Nevertheless, he notes, it is the smaller
group of monoecious and dioecious plants that led to the discovery of sex in the hermaphrodites.
Translations from Mark Elvin (2015). - Modified from a translation provided by Mark Elvin.
- A more literal, modern translation by Mark Elvin (2015) provides a better idea of the
scientific content of the poem:
The delicate bud, breathed open by Zephyr
sets its stamens for forthcoming seeds in position,
intertwining in marriage the separate sexes.
Then it is that the twinned anthers split,