Flora Unveiled

The Discovery of Sex j 27

27 27

Notes

1. Variations from the Western European model during the Upper Paleolithic are particu-
   larly evident in the Mediterranean area, Eastern China, South East Asia, and Australia. For
   example, according to Ofer Bar- Yosef (personal communication), “prehistoric foragers in the
   Mediterranean areas lived better, ate more plants, and did not hunt a lot of animals” compared
   to their Western European counterparts.


2. Mellars, P.  (2001), The Upper Paleolithic revolution, in Barry Cunliffe, ed., Oxford
   Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press, pp. 42– 78.


3. There was considerable climatic and environmental diversity in Europe within the Upper
   Paleolithic time frame (i.e., the Last Glacial Maximum [LGM] between the Gravettian and
   Magdalenian periods). For example, during the LGM, when humans had to abandon the North
   and survived in refugia in the south, there was polar desert in parts of Northern Europe, while
   other areas were relatively mild with surviving trees and abundant game (Lawrence Guy Straus,
   personal communication).


4. Riddle, J. M. (1992), Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance.
   Harvard University Press.


5. Taylor, T.  L. (1996), The Prehistory of Sex:  Four Million Years of Human Sexual Culture.
   Bantam Press.


6. Cavalli- Sforza, L. L. and F. Cavalli- Sforza (1995), The Great Human Diasporas: The History
   of Diversity and Evolution. Addison- Wesley, p. 134.


7. Valeggia, C., and P.  Ellison (2004), Lactational amenorrhoea in well- nourished Toba
   women of Formosa, Argentina. Journal of Biosocial Science 36:573– 595.


8. Panter- Brick, C., D.  S. Lotstein, and P.  T. Ellison (1993), Seasonality of reproductive
   function and weight loss in rural Nepali women. Human Reproduction 8:684– 690; Panter-
   Brick, C. (1996), Proximate determinants of birth seasonality and conception failure in Nepal.
   Population Studies 50:203– 220.


9. Jasienska, G.  and P.  T. Ellison (2004), Energetic factors and seasonal changes in ovarian
   function in women from rural Poland. American Journal of Human Biology 16:563– 580.
   10. Ibid.
   11. Ibid.


10. Lee, R. B. (2003), The Dobe Ju/ ' hoansi, 3rd ed. Thomson Learning/ Wadsworth.


11. Malinowski, B.  (1929). The Sexual Life of Savages in North- Western Melanesia:  An
    Ethnographic Account of Courtship, Marriage and Family Life Among the Natives of the Trobriand
    Islands, British New Guinea. Readers League.


12. Malinowski, B. (1916), Baloma: The spirits of the dead in the Trobriand Islands. Journal of
    the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 46:353– 430.


13. Malinowski, B. (1948), Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. The Free Press.


14. Montague, S. (1971), Trobriand kinship and the virgin birth controversy. Man, New Series
    6:353– 368.


15. According to a widely published anecdote, Picasso, after viewing the cave paintings of
    either Lascaux or Altamira, exclaimed “We have invented nothing!” However, archaeologist
    Paul Bahn extensively researched the quote and was unable to verify it. Unfortunately, the oft-
    cited quotation appears to be apocryphal. The closest authentic quote from Picasso on the qual-
    ity of Paleolithic art that Bahn was able to track down was the statement, “Primitive sculpture