Flora Unveiled

458 i Flora Unveiled

Notes

1. Cited by Karl Richter: Morpholgie und Stilwandel: Ein Beitrag zu Goethes Lyrik, in Frityz
   Martini, Walter Muller- Seidel, Bernhard Zeller, eds., Jahrbuch der Deutschen Schillergesellschaft
   (1977). Alfred Kroner, no. 21, p. 199.


2. Kaplan, D. R. (2001), The science of plant morphology: definition, history, and role in mod-
   ern biolog y. American Journal of Botany 88(10):1711– 1741.


3. Goethe, J. W. (1820/ 1952), Pollination, volatilization, and exudation, in Goethe’s Botanical
   Writings, trans. Bertha Mueller. University of Hawaii Press.
   4. Ibid.


4. Coen, E., and R. Carpenter (1993). The metamorphosis of flowers. Plant Cell 5:1175– 1181;
   Lönnig, W. - E. (1994), Goethe, sex, and flower genes. Plant Cell 6:574– 577.


5. Goethe, Pollination, volatilization, and exudation.
   7. Ibid.


6. The great nineteenth- century plant physiologist Julius von Sachs expressed his astonish-
   ment at the persistence of asexualism after Koelreuter:  “Those who have read the writings of
   Camerarius and Koelreuter carefully find it difficult to believe that after their time doubts were
   still entertained, not about the manner in which the process of fertilization are accomplished,
   but about the actual existence of sex in plants. And yet those doubts were expressed repeatedly
   during the succeeding sixty years in various quarters and with the greatest confidence.” von
   Sachs, J. (1890), History of Botany (1530– 1860), trans. Henry E. F. Garnsey, revised by Isaac Bayley
   Balfour. Clarendon Press, p. 422.


7. Holbach himself was only forty- seven at the time and was to live nineteen more years.
   Voltaire, Mirabaud’s friend, was outraged at the deception:  “Alas! our good Mirabaud was
   not capable of writing a single page of the book of our redoubtable adversary.” Voltaire (1764),
   Dictionnaire philosophique, article Causes finales, accessed at https:// en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/
   Jean- Baptiste de Mirabaud]


8. Morley, J. (1884/ 2013). Diderot and the Encyclopedists. Forgotten Books, pp. 350– 351.


9. Ibid., p. 357.


10. von Goethe, J. W. (1872), The Autobiography of Goethe: Truth and Poetry: From My Own
    Life, vol. 1, trans. John Oxernford. Bell and Daldy, p. 424.


11. In Greek mythology, a tribe of people who lived near the land of the dead in mist and
    darkness.


12. von Goethe, J. W. (1883), The Autobiography of Goethe: Truth and Fiction: Relating to Life,
    vol. 2, trans. John Oxernford. Estes and Lauriat, p. 86.
    15. Ibid.
    16. Ibid.
    17. Ibid.
    18. Ibid.


13. A few prominent naturalists, such as Charles Bonnet, Albrecht von Haller, and George
    Cuvier persisted in their belief in preformationism, consistent with a mechanical interpretation
    of embryogenesis.


14. Kant, I.  (2002), Kritik der Urteilskraft, in We rke, 5:486 (A 288– 289, B 292– 293), trans.
    R.  J. Richards, The Romantic Conception of Life:  Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe.
    University of Chicago Press.