476 i Flora Unveiled
- Maheshwari, P. (1950), An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms. McGraw- Hill.
- The mechanism of spore dispersal in ferns is based on the tensile strength of water. As
the sporangium wall dries, the mouth of the sporangium is pulled open by surface tension in
the remaining water. At a critical point, cavitation bubbles form, breaking the surface tension.
Since the sporangium wall is elastic, the spores are ejected from the sporangium at a velocity of
10 meters per second or more.