Flora Unveiled

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Index j 507

507 507


Europe, Western. See also specific regions and
time periods
archaeological periods, 11– 13, 12t
Eve
apple of, as evil, 298– 299
in Genesis, as plant gatherer, 32, 65n9
Experiments and Observations on the Production
of Hybrids in the Plant Kingdom
(Gaertner), 464
Ezina- Kusu (goddess of grain), 104

Fairchild, Thomas, 360– 362, 376n29, 416
Fairchild’s Mule, 361– 362, 371
Fanny Hill (Cleland), 380
farmers, first. see also agriculture; crop domesti-
cation and gender
Khiamians, 33– 34, 34f
Sultanians, 34– 35, 40
Father of Botany. See Theophrastus
fathers, multiple biological, 418, 428n28
female sexual organs. See also specific types
Aristotle on, 5– 6
Galen on, 6, 7, 7f
Laqueur on, 6
fern allies, 495n11
ferns. see also cryptogams
alternation of generations in, Hofmeister on,
478– 481
antheridia, 474n12
archegonia in, 474n12
asexual spores in, 466
in Cryptogamia, 368, 465
gametophytes in, 479
gametophytes in, as embryo sac and pollen
grains, 484– 486, 485f, 486f
in German herbal, Medieval, 268f
in Juliana Anicia Codex,  258 f
life cycle of, 468– 469, 469f, 470f,
480– 481, 482f
reproduction stages of
asexual, 468, 469f, 479
sexual, 468, 470f
Schleiden on, 469, 472– 473
spore dispersal in, 476n30
spores in, asexual, 466
Sumińsky on, 468– 469, 470f
Tournefort’s research on, 351– 352
Fertile Crescent. See also specific settlements

agricultural settlements of, earliest, 36
founder crops of, 36
fertility, female, factors in, 13– 14
fertilization, 2
cross- fertilization in, Darwin on, 490– 491
double, 489, 496n17
pistils in, 2, 494
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 438
figs (Ficus)
Aristotle on, 216
of Çatalhüyük, 49f, 50
dioecious, 142, 177n14
female flowers in, 177n14
fruit shedding in, Theophrastus on, 223
in Minoan Knossos palace, 141f, 142
figurines, funerary, of Shabti, 115, 116f, 135n72
figurines, in Levant
Khiamian, 40– 44, 42f
Natufian, 40, 41f
Sha’ar Hagolans and Yarmukian, 44– 47,
45 f– 46f
Sultanian, 43f, 44
figurines, plant– female associations in, in
Neolithic Europe, 72– 81, 73f– 80f
“cereal grain” eyes in, 72, 76f
“coffee bean” eyes in, 72
“dot and lozenge motif ” in, 72, 75f
green paint and grain impressions in, 72, 73f
in Haqar Qim, “Mother Goddess” and
limestone altar of, 78– 81, 80f
male vs. female, 72
in Malta
Hypogeum of, pomegranate and “Sleeping
Lady” in, 78, 79f
monumental statues with images at base
in, 74– 76, 78f
Mina’s gender categories for, 72
plant symbolism in, 72, 74f
vase- shaped, long- necked “Hamagian type”
of, 72– 73, 77f
Flora (goddess of flowers), 233– 236, 234f
Primavera (Botticelli), 305, 306f
floral ecology, Sprengel’s, 423– 427, 429nn40,
46– 47, 50
floral menstruation theory, Malpighi’s,
.324– 328, 326f, 329f
Marchant on, 351
Flora Uplandica (Linnaeus), 366
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