516 i Index
microspore, 483, 485f
microspore mother cells, 488
Middle Ages, 251– 252
Middle Ages, Early (500 AD– 1000 AD),
266– 283
goddesses in, agricultural
A l lat, 271– 273
Al- ’Uzza (goddess of date palms), 271– 274
goddesses in, Quranic vegetation, pre-
Islamic, 266– 272
Sūra 53 and Satanic Verses, 271– 272
herbals of, 251– 270 (see also herbals, Middle
Ages, Early (500 AD– 1000 AD))
hortus conclusus in, 280– 281, 282, 285n33, 293
Muhammad and date growers in, 278– 280
time period of, 251
in Virgin Mary in
Berceo’s “Milagros de Nuestra Señora,”
282– 283
date palm and, 274– 278, 275f– 276f, 278f
as nature/ agricultural goddess, 281– 283
Middle Ages, High (1000 AD– 1299 AD) and
Late (1300– 1453), 286– 321
Adelard of Bath and Quaestiones Naturales
in, 307
Albertus Magnus’ De Vegetabilibus
in, 308
Capellanus’s treatise on love and courtly love
in, 288– 289, 318nn4– 5
“deflowering” in, 297– 298
Eve’s apple as evil in, 298– 299
grafting and intercourse in, 299– 301
herbals in
naturalism rebirth in, 309– 311, 310f– 311f,
312 f– 313 f
printed illustrated, 311– 316, 314f– 315f
medicine and Salerno medical school in, late
12th c., 307
Mother Earth and Mother Nature in,
289– 292
naturalism in, return to, 286
Roger Bacon’s De Plantis in, 307–308
rose in
romance of, 292– 297, 293f– 294f
as symbol of Mary in, 301– 303, 302f– 306f
Ruel’s pregnancy model of flower in, 317– 318
sex in, end of anathematization of, 286– 287
troubadour in, first, 287– 288
Twelfth Century Awakening in, 287
women and flowers in, in poetry and art, 305,
310 f– 311f
Zaluziansky and scholastic botanists in,
316– 317
mikku, 106
“Milagros de Nuestra Señora” (Berceo), 282– 283
Miletus, pre- Socratic philosophers, 211
milk and milk products, Chalcolithic, 82
Miller, Philip, 363
The Gardener’s Dictionary, 363
Miller, Vincent, The Man- Plant: or, a Scheme
for Increasing and Improving the British
Breed, 384
mimosa, Darwin on, 398
Mimosa: or, The Sensitive Plant (Perry), 385– 387,
398, 402n16
Mimosa pudica, 385, 398, 402n16
Mina, Maria, 72
Minoans, 138
art of, and Mycenaean art, 168– 174,
170 f– 171f, 173f
Knossos palace of, 139– 140
gender and sacred trees in, 140– 142,
141 f, 143f
Horns of Consecration in, 140,
140 f, 175n10
Persephone of ( see Persephone, Minoan)
seal ring images of nature goddesses of,
142– 143, 144f– 145f
Minotaur, 139, 175n6
Mintha (mint plant), 191
Mirabaud, Jean- Baptiste de, 433, 458n9
Mirabilis, Koelreuter on, 415
Möller, Hans, 409
monocotyledons, tepals in, 346n17
monoecious plants
of Camerarius vs. Linnaeus, 341, 347n48
Linnaeus on, 347n48
Morgan, Livia, 141f, 142
Morland, Samuel, 357
Morris, Christine, 143, 155
mosses. see also cryptogams
alternation of generations in, Hofmeister on,
479– 481
in Cryptogamia, 368, 465
gametophytes in, as embryo sac and pollen
grains, 484, 485f, 486f