524 i Index
Sponsalia Plantarum (Linnaeus), 406
spontaneous generation, Aristotle’s, 216– 218
sporangium, 465, 466f
spores, 465, 466f
asexual
in ferns, 466
in moss, 466
in cryptogams, 465, 466f
in ferns, dispersal of, 476n30
sporogenous cells, 484
sporophylls, 480
sporophyte, 480, 481
sporopollenin, 65n10
Sprengel, Christian Konrad, 421– 427
biography of, 421– 422
botanical studies of, early, 423
depression and abusive behavior of, 422
The Discovery of the Secret of Nature in the
Form and Fertilization of Flowers, 421,
423– 426
on floral ecology, 423– 427, 429nn40,
46– 47, 50
on insect pollination, 424– 426, 429n40
school reforms of, 421– 422
on self- pollination, 425– 426
The Usefulness of Bees and the Necessity
of Bee- Keeping, Viewed from a New
Perspective, 426
Vorläufige Nachricht, 424
stamens
Albert on, 308
in Anandria, 390
as asexual structure, 493, 494
as bridegrooms, 368
Camerarius on, 339, 343, 344– 345,
348– 349n64
in canna lily, 395, 403n39
Darwin (Erasmus) on, 395, 396, 403n40
date palms, 92– 94
in date palms, 94, 95f
Desfontaines on, 397
in dichogamy, 425
Goethe’s medulla– cortex theory on,
446– 448
Grew on, 246, 330– 337, 334f– 335f, 392, 493
Hedwig on, 460n54, 467, 467f
in hermaphroditic flowers of polygamous
plants, 368
in heterostyly, 429n47
in Linaria, 371, 372f, 374
in Linnaeus’ classification system, 364,
368– 369
Linnaeus on development of, 373
Malpighi on, 324, 327– 328
Marchant on, 351
in medulla– cortex theory, 371, 372
Mettrie on, 383
Nicolaus on, 246
in oat flower, 37f
Ovid on, 197
Pliny on, 242, 308
in pollination, 269
Rousseau on, 407
Siegesbeck on, 389
in sporophyte generation, 346– 347n30
Sprengel on, 424
in table dancers of Phaistos, 155, 156f
Theophrastus on, 220
transsexual theory of, 330– 337, 334f– 335f,
346– 347n30
in Urticaceae, 375n13
Vaillant on, 354– 355, 366, 380
Vaillant on, Geoffroy on, 358
Wakefield on, 392
Withering on, 391, 392
stamens- as- penis hypothesis, 246
St. Augustine, 247
Steenstrup, Japetus, 495n10
stereotypes, gender, 5
stigmas
in Akrotiri, Xeste 3, 153– 154, 153f
as animals, 397– 401, 399f– 400f
Camerarius on, 343
in canna lily, 403n39
color of, 149f, 160
of Crocus, saffron from, 146– 150, 147f, 149f,
161, 178n22
in Crocus Gatherers fresco, 147f, 150,
151 f– 152f
in cryptogams, 494
Darwin (Erasmus) on, 403n40
Grew on, 331, 333, 334f
in insect pollination, 420, 425
Koelreuter on, 418, 455
Mettrie on, 383
in oat flower, 37f