66 i Flora Unveiled
- Bar- Yosef, O. (1998), The Natufian culture in the Levant: Threshold to the origins of agri-
culture. Evolutionary Anthropology 5(6):159– 177. - Bar- Yosef, The origins of sedentism and agriculture in Western Asia.
- Cauvin, The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture.
28. Ibid. - Mithen, Steven, Bill Finlayson, and Ruth Shaffrey (2005), Sexual symbolism in the early
Neolithic of the southern Levant: pestles and mortars from WF16. Documenta Praehistorica
159:103– 110. - Cauvin, The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture.
- Bar- Yosef, The Natufian culture in the Levant.
- Garfinkel,Y., D. Ben- Schlomo, and N. Marom (2011), Sha’ar Hagolan: A major Pottery
Neolithic settlement and artistic center in the Jordan Valley. Eurasian Prehistory 8:97– 143.
33. Ibid. - Stekelis, Moshe, cited by Yosef Garfinkel (2004), The Goddess of Sha’ar Hagolan. Israel
Exploration Society, p. 149. - Garfinkel, The Goddess of Sha’ar Hagolan, p. 149.
- Freikman, Michael, and Yosef Garfinkel (2009), The zoomorphic figurines from Sha’ar
Hagolan: Hunting magic practices in the Neolithic Near East. Levant 41:5– 17. - Garfinkel, Y. (2003), Dancing at the Dawn of Agriculture. University of Texas Press.
- A gradual decline in representations of female dancers to about 13% after the Neolithic
coincides with the rise of urban centers during the Chalcolithic period, which is associated with
a shift to more patriarchal and more fully stratified societies. - “Tell” is the Arabic word for an artificial hill built up by successive layers of human habita-
tion. Bellwood, P. (2004), First Farmers. Wiley. - Hodder, I. (2006), The Leopard’s Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhüyük. Thames &
Hudson. - Mellaart, J., U. Hirsch, and B. Balpinar (1989), The Goddess from Anatolia. Ezkenazi.
- Mellaart, J. (1967), Çatal Hüyük: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. Thames & Hudson;
Atalay, S., and C. A. Hastorf (2006), Food, meals, and daily activities: Food habitus at Neolithic
Çatalhüyük. American Antiquity 71:283– 319. - Çatalhüyük (1999), Archive Report.
- Zohary, D., M. Hopf, and E. Weiss (2012), Domestication of Plants in the Old World, 4th
edition. Oxford University Press. - According to Hodder, date palm phytoliths recovered at the Çatalhüyük site suggest
long- distance trade or exchange with “Mesopotamia or the Levant.” Hodder, The Leopards’s
Tale, p. 80. - Mellaart, J. (1966), Excavations at Catal Hüyük, 1965: Fourth Preliminary Report
Anatolian Studies 16:165– 191, plate LII, redrawn from original by Raymonde Enderlé Ludovici.
47. Ibid. - Hodder, I. (2004), Men and women at Çatalhüyük. Scientific American 290:67– 73. This
statement appears to refer to recently uncovered wall paintings from the upper levels of the
settlement. - In Classical mythology, we find the theme of driving out or destroying monstrous ani-
mals and birds that threaten crops enshrined in tales of the great heroes. The boar- baiting mural