New Horizons in Insect Science Towards Sustainable Pest Management

101

Bioassay of Rongbao (Active

Ingredients of Calcium Cyanamide)

Against Housefly Maggots

Wei Qing Zheng, Yan Guo, Wei Min Li, Hong Mei Ma,

Xiao Qing Liu and Hai Ying Chen

A. K. Chakravarthy (ed.), New Horizons in Insect Science: Towards Sustainable Pest Management,
DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2089-3_11, © Springer India 2015

W. Q. Zheng () · Y. Guo · W. M. Li · H. M. Ma ·
X. Q. Liu · H. Y. Chen
Department of Vector Pest Control, Nanchang Center for
Disease Control and Prevention, Honggutan, Nanchang,
330038 Jiangxi, China
e-mail: [email protected]

H. Y. Chen
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Calcium cyanamide (CC) has been extensively reported as a plant growth

regulator and N-resource fertilizer. CC phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity have

also been showed on organisms such as microorganisms, schistosomes,

mollusks, mammals and plants. But to date, little is known about its bioac-

tivity against filth flies. In this study, housefly maggots, Musca domestica

(L.), were used to measure biological activity of CC. Laboratory bioassays

showed that CC (at a dosage of approximately 2 % (W/W)) resulted in aver-

age mortality rate of 37.67 % on day 1 and 100 % on day 2, compared with

the average mortality rate of 34.51 % on day 1, 89.80 % on day 2 and 100 %

on day 3 at dosage approximately 1 % (W/W). This outcome demonstrated

that the application of CC could be used as a part of the filth fly-integrated

management. In the relationship between CC concentrations and pH value

evaluation, the performance of CC and non-CC larval rearing medium

differed within pH. The positive relationship of concentration of CC dis-

solved in water with pH was supported by the formula y = 43.33x + 6.61

( R^2 = 0.95, p < 0.01). The results showed that housefly maggots’ death had

a positive relationship with the pH of larval rearing medium.

Introduction

Flies are a large class of insects of the order Dip-

tera (Hardy 1981 ; Hardy and Delfinado 1980 ).

They have widespread food choices ranging from

decayed plants to decayed bodies of animals, in-

cluding human beings (Beadle et al. 1938 ; Fabre

et al. 2003 ; Greathead 1969 ; Hanski 1977 ; Ku-

mara et al. 2012 ; Landolt and John 1992 ; Liquido

Keywords

Calcium cyanamide · Houseflies · Larvicidal efficacy · pH value