144 A. D. N. T. Kumara et al.
Relationship with Climatic Factors
The 2-year survey indicated that the insect species
and their abundance varied throughout the year.
Compared to the mean number of insects with the
season, P. moesta (F = 3.505, p = 0.034), G. punc-
tifer (F = 8.653, p = 0.001), R. dorsalis (F = 5.015
p = 0.009), Cixiid sp. (F = 4.732, p = 0.012) were
significantly different in the four seasons. Their
abundance was generally higher in rainy seasons,
and the number gradually declined with the reduc-
tion of rainfall (Fig. 3 ). However, only P. moesta
and Proutista sp. followed the rainfall pattern
(Fig. 4) (Pearson Correlation coefficient = 0.460,
p = 0.012, R^2 =^ 0.47). The average atmospheric
temperature is not significantly different in the
four seasons, and there is no correlation with in-
sect and the atmospheric average temperature
(F = 0.264, p = 0.613). S. typica showed negative
relationship with rainfall but this relationship is
not significantly correlated (Fig. 4 ). In addition,
there is a significant correlation of abundance pat-
tern between insect species. The similar trends
were observed in an individual species with others
of their abundance in the field i.e. R. dorsalis and
G. punctifer (Pearson Correlation coefficient =
0.460, p = .012, R^2 =^ 0.47) also, K. ceylonica and
Proutista sp. (Pearson Correlation coefficient =
0.455, p = 0.025, R^2 =^ 0.41), N. nervosa correlate
with (Fig. 4 ) I. clypialis (Pearson Correlation
coefficient = 0.744, p = 0.001) and Cixiid spe-
cies (Pearson Correlation coefficient = 0.712, p =
0.001), and Proutista sp. also correlated with the
N. nervosa, (Pearson Correlation coefficient =
0.368, p = 0.038) I. clypialis (Pearson Correlation
coefficient = 0.376, p = 0.033) as well as K. cey-
lonica (Pearson Correlation coefficient = 0.455,
p = 0.013). The above data indicated that all puta-
tive vectors followed the same trend in the field
(Fig. 4 ) and their abundance is related to the rain-
fall pattern, but all the data were not significantlyρϬϭϬϬϭρϬϮϬϬϮρϬϯϬϬϯρϬϮϬκϬςϬϬϭϮϯκρDĞĂŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ/ŶƐĞĐƚƐDĞĂŶƌĂŝŶĨĂůů; ŵŵͿ^ĞĂƐŽŶ
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ŶŶ ŝĐ ŐƉ ƌĨDĞĂŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ/ŶƐĞĐƚƐ ρϬϭϬϬϭρϬϮϬϬϮρϬϯϬϬϯρϬϭϬϮϬϯϬκϬρϬϬϭϮϯκρDĞĂŶƌĂŝŶĨĂůů ;ŵŵͿ^ĞĂƐŽŶ
ƌĚ ŬĐ ƌĨρϬϭϬϬϭρϬϮϬϬϮρϬϯϬϬϯρϬϭϬϮϬϯϬκϬρϬϬϭϮϯκρDĞĂŶŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ/ŶƐĞĐƚƐDĞĂŶƌĂŝŶĨĂůů ;ŵŵͿ^ĞĂƐŽŶ
Ɖŵ ƉƐ ƌĨFig. 4 Relationship insect vectors with rainfall pattern according to the season (within 2 years); season 1 December–
February, 2 March–May, 3 June–August, 4 September–November. Rf Mean rainfall pattern, pm P. moesta, ps Proutista
sp., cx cixiid sp., st S. typica, rd R. dorsalis, kc K. ceylonica, nn N. nervosa, ic I. clypialis, gp G. punctifer