Molecular Characterization and Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer Conogethes ... 215
on cardamom named as Conogethes sp. and
which include Conogethes from castor named
as Conogethes punctiferalis, as shown in Fig. 1.
The sequence details are analyzed carefully, sub-
mitted to NCBI for Gen Bank Accessions and
subsequently uploaded to COBOL bar coding
facility for formally obtaining the bar codes. All
generated sequences, together with photographs
and collection details, have been deposited at the
BOLD (www.boldsystems.org) under the proj-
ect code. DNA bar coding analyses were done
through the online interface of the BOLD web-
site. The taxon identification tree was based on
the Kimura 2-parameter distance model (Kimura
1980 ), with the filter set to sequences with length
> 100 base pairs, and all codon positions includ-
ed. A sequence distance summary was provided
through the online interface of BOLD, with only
sequences longer than 425 base pairs included
in order to ensure reliable sequence distance
estimates (Shashank 2012 ). Preliminary mor-
phological, biological, and bar code analysis of
Conogethes moths reared on castor, cardamom,
turmeric, ginger, guava, and cocoa revealed two
distinct clusters: (1) Moths on castor, guava, and
cocoa fall in one cluster and (2) Moths on carda-
mom, ginger, and turmeric into another.Conogethes pinicolalis Inoue and
Yamanaka 2006: An Evolved Species
In Japan, workers for convenience identified two
different types, in absence of precise identifica-
tion the fruit tree type and conifer type from an-
giosperms and Pinaceae gymnosperms, respec-
tively (Koizumi 1960 ). Later it was reported that
the adults from coniferous plant, Japanese Cedar,
Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don was of the
fruit tree type (Sekiguchi 1974 ). Then, the fruit
tree type was renamed as FFT and the Conifer
type, the PFT (Konno et al. 1981 ). Subsequently,Fig. 2 Divergence in bar codes within Conogethes spe-
cies. (Shashank 2012 )
Fig. 1 Neighbor joining analysis of COI DNA bar code sequences for Conogethes species breeding on castor and
cardamom