New Horizons in Insect Science Towards Sustainable Pest Management

236 R. Srinivasan et al.

have more than one active compound, which
should be identified to improve its efficiency.

Conclusions

Insect pheromones are useful as a monitoring
(e.g., S. litura) or a mass-trapping (e.g., L. orbo-
nalis) tool in IPM strategies in tropical vegetable
production systems. However, a thorough under-
standing on various factors, such as insights on
the complete list of pheromone components and
their ratio in an insect species, genetic variations
among the populations of a pest species, varia-
tions in local weather factors in a region, etc., is
highly imperative before designing a pheromone-
based pest management strategy. For instance,
the pheromone-based monitoring is still a chal-
lenge for pest species such as M. vitrata, D. indi-
ca, and P. striolata, although the major constitu-
ents of their pheromone compounds are already
known. Hence, additional research is required to
refine and develop the most effective pheromone
blends for these key pest organisms in tropical
Asia and Africa.

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Table 4 Mean trap catches of Phyllotreta striolata in
Radish fields at AVRDC, Taiwan
Lure Mean number of beetles
per trap per week
Control 5.00 b
AITC (1X) 30.67 a
Aggregation pheromone
(1X)

6.67 b

AITC (0.5X) + Aggregation
pheromone (0.5X)

54.67 a

AITC (1X) + Aggregation
pheromone (1X)

59.33 a

Means within a column followed by different letters indi-
cate significant differences (LSD following ANOVA,
p ≤ 0.05)