232 Obstetrics and Gynecology Board Review •••
❍ What are the five leading causes of mortality of adults age 65 or older?
(1) Heart disease.
(2) Malignancy.
(3) Cerebrovascular disease.
(4) Chronic lower respiratory diseases.
(5) Alzheimer disease.
❍ What are the four important periodic vaccinations for teens?
(1) Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (once between 11 and 18 years of age).
(2) Hepatitis B (if not previously vaccinated).
(3) Human papillomavirus (HPV) (if not previously vaccinated).
(4) Meningococcal (either given prior to starting high school, or if previously immunized, a booster at age 16).
❍ Which two vaccines are routinely recommended in pregnancy by ACOG and the CDC?
(1) Influenza-trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended annually.
(2) Tdap-at greater than 20 weeks of gestation, if not given in the previous 10 years.
❍ Which vaccines are routinely recommended for women greater than 65 years of age?
(1) Influenza-trivalent inactivated annually.
(2) Tetanus/diphtheria every 10 years, or Tdap if in contact with infants <12 months of age.
(3) Zoster.
(4) Pneumococcal.
❍ What four types of HPV does the Gardasil vaccination protect against?
HPV 6, 11, 16, 18.
❍ What percentage of American adults are overweight, obese, and morbidly obese, respectively?
Recent estimates indicate that 34% of Americans are overweight, 34% are obese, and 5.7% are morbidly obese.
❍ What recommendations should you be making to your patients regarding dietary changes?
A low-fat, high-fiber diet should be recommended since it has been shown to decrease the risk of coronary artery
disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and several forms of cancer. It may be helpful to refer a patient to a
dietician or nutritionist to help them to establish a healthy eating plan, especially if the patient has risk factors for
CAD such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, or cigarette smoking.
❍ How is anorexia nervosa defined and how prevalent is it?
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by intentional and continued weight loss in a previously healthy person who
perceives herself as overweight but is extremely thin. It is estimated that 0.5% to 1% of women suffer from
this disorder; however, this is probably an underestimate because these women usually do not report it to their
physicians.