Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 5..

8 – TABLE OF CONTENTS

Annex 2.A1. List of taxonomic names of various Cucurbita species ................................................. 146

Annex 2.A2. Horticultural types in Cucurbita species........................................................................ 148

Chapter 3. Brassica crops (Brassica spp.) ............................................................................................ 151

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 152

Species or taxonomic group ................................................................................................................ 152

Reproductive biology .......................................................................................................................... 197

Genetics ............................................................................................................................................... 212

Interspecific hybridisation and introgression ...................................................................................... 218

Ecology ............................................................................................................................................... 228

Breeding improved varieties ............................................................................................................... 233

Notes ................................................................................................................................................... 247

References ........................................................................................................................................... 248

Annex 3.A1. Common pathogens and pests ........................................................................................ 286

Annex A. List of OECD consensus documents on environmental safety assessment, 1996-2015 .. 293

Tables

Table 1.1. Examples of specific bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces ......................................... 35
Table 1.2. Extracellular bacterial proteins that act as invasins ........................................................... 42
Table 1.3. Bacterial proteins that act as immunomodulator ............................................................... 46
Table 2.1. List of taxa in the genus Cucurbita and their natural distributions ................................... 86
Table 2.2. Synthesis of archaeological records of cultivated species of Cucurbita ........................... 91
Table 2.3. Principal morphological characters that generally differentiate the
domesticated species of Cucurbita .................................................................................... 97
Table 2.4. Phenology and life cycles of 20 Cucurbita taxa .............................................................. 103
Table 2.5. Bee species pollinating Cucurbita species in Mexico ..................................................... 106
Table 2.6. Cross-compatibility of cultivated Cucurbita species: Gene pools .................................. 111
Table 2.A1.1. List of taxonomic names of various Cucurbita ............................................................... 146
Table 2.A2.1. Horticultural types in Cucurbita species ......................................................................... 148
Table 3.1. World production of edible vegetable oils, averages 1996-2000 to 2011-15 .................. 152
Table 3.2. Nomenclature and genome relationships of cultivated Brassica species and
related genera .................................................................................................................. 153
Table 3.3. List of 43 diploid cytodemes and 6 amphidiplod taxa in the Brassica
coenospecies .................................................................................................................... 157
Table 3.4. Area harvested, production and yield by major Brassica oilseed producing
countries, averages 1995-99 to 2010-14.......................................................................... 177
Table 3.5. Number of herbicide products available for control of volunteer B. napus
with nil, single or multiple herbicide tolerances in western Canada ............................... 185
Table 3.6. Short distance pollen mediated gene flow from B. napus pollen donor to
recipient field/plots in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States ................... 202
Table 3.7. B. napus to B. napus outcrossing rates, by isolation distances, reported from
small plot trials and/or large fields .................................................................................. 203
Table 3.8. Mean outcross percentages of pollen donor to B. napus recipient
populations, for various isolation distances and two design classes ............................... 203
Table 3.9. Predicted outcrossing rates for spring and winter oilseed rape at three
isolation distances (with 95% confidence limits), based on 2000-
multilocation UK field trials ........................................................................................... 205
Table 3.10. Typical seed weight ranges (or averages) of Brassica crop plants by species
and form .......................................................................................................................... 206