Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I et al (2005) Exercise training modulates cytokines
activity in coronary heart disease patients. Int J Cardiol 100(1):93–99
Cesari F, Sofi F, Caporale R et al (2009) Relationship between exercise capacity, endothelial
progenitor cells and cytochemokines in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. Thromb
Haemost 101(3):521–526
Zhang H, Zhang C (2012) Vasoprotection by dietary supplements and exercise: role of
TNFalpha signaling. Exp Diabetes Res 2012:972679
Halle M, Berg A, Northoff H et al (1998) Importance of TNF-alpha and leptin in obesity
and insulin resistance: a hypothesis on the impact of physical exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev
4:77–94
Capria A, De Nardo D, Baffetti FR et al (2010) Long-term anti-TNF-alpha treatments reverse
the endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: the biological coherence between syno-
vial and endothelial inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 23(1):255–262
Febbraio MA, Pedersen BK (2002) Muscle-derived interleukin-6: mechanisms for activation
and possible biological roles. FASEB J 16(11):1335–1347
Danesh J, Kaptoge S, Mann AG et al (2008) Long-term interleukin-6 levels and subsequent
risk of coronary heart disease: two new prospective studies and a systematic review. PLoS
Med 5(4):e78
Steensberg A, Fischer CP, Keller C et al (2003) IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and
cortisol in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285(2):E433–E437
Rahmani M, Cruz RP, Granville DJ et al (2006) Allograft vasculopathy versus atherosclero-
sis. Circ Res 99(8):801–815
Yokoe T, Minoguchi K, Matsuo H et al (2003) Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and
interleukin- 6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal con-
tinuous positive airway pressure. Circulation 107(8):1129–1134
Palmefors H, DuttaRoy S, Rundqvist B et al (2014) The effect of physical activity or exercise
on key biomarkers in atherosclerosis – a systematic review. Atherosclerosis 235(1):150–161
Novaes RD, Goncalves RV, Penitente AR et al (2016) Modulation of inflammatory and oxi-
dative status by exercise attenuates cardiac morphofunctional remodeling in experimental
Chagas cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 152:210–219
Blankenberg S, Luc G, Ducimetiere P et al (2003) Interleukin-18 and the risk of coronary
heart disease in European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial
Infarction (PRIME). Circulation 108(20):2453–2459
Tenger C, Sundborger A, Jawien J et al (2005) IL-18 accelerates atherosclerosis accompanied
by elevation of IFN-gamma and CXCL16 expression independently of T cells. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol 25(4):791–796
Kohut ML, McCann DA, Russell DW et al (2006) Aerobic exercise, but not flexibility/resis-
tance exercise, reduces serum IL-18, CRP, and IL-6 independent of beta-blockers, BMI, and
psychosocial factors in older adults. Brain Behav Immun 20(3):201–209
Pinto A, Di Raimondo D, Tuttolomondo A et al (2012) Effects of physical exercise on inflam-
matory markers of atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 18(28):4326–4349
Nojima H, Watanabe H, Yamane K et al (2008) Effect of aerobic exercise training on oxida-
tive stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 57(2):170–176
Leung FP, Yung LM, Laher I et al (2008) Exercise, vascular wall and cardiovascular diseases:
an update (Part 1). Sports Med 38(12):1009–1024
Yung LM, Laher I, Yao X et al (2009) Exercise, vascular wall and cardiovascular diseases: an
update (Part 2). Sports Med 39(1):45–63
Gordon L, McGrowder DA, Pena YT et al (2013) Effect of yoga exercise therapy on oxidative
stress indicators with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Int J Yoga 6(1):31–38
Yoshida H, Kisugi R (2010) Mechanisms of LDL oxidation. Clin Chim Acta
411(23–24):1875–1882
Araujo JA (2010) Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and ath-
erosclerosis. Air Qual Atmos Health 4(1):79–93