© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 43
J. Xiao (ed.), Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment,
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 999,
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_3
Chapter 3
The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular
Biomarkers: New Insights, Recent Data,
and Applications
Lin Che and Dong Li
Abstract The benefit of regular exercise or physical activity with appropriate
intensity on improving cardiopulmonary function and endurance has long been
accepted with less controversy. The challenge remains, however, quantitatively
evaluate the effect of exercise on cardiovascular health due in part to the amount and
intensity of exercise varies widely plus lack of effective, robust and efficient bio-
marker evaluation systems. Better evaluating the overall function of biomarker and
validate biomarkers utility in cardiovascular health should improve the evidence
regarding the benefit or the effect of exercise or physical activity on cardiovascular
health, in turn increasing the efficiency of the biomarker on individuals with mild to
moderate cardiovascular risk. In this review, beyond traditional cytokines, chemo-
kines and inflammatory factors, we systemic reviewed the latest novel biomarkers
in metabolomics, genomics, proteomics, and molecular imaging mainly focus on
heart health, as well as cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and ischemic
heart disease. Furthermore, we highlight the state-of-the-art biomarker developing
techniques and its application in the field of heart health. Finally, we discuss the
clinical relevance of physical activity and exercise on key biomarkers in molecular
basis and practical considerations.
Keywords Exercise • Cardiovascular disease • Heart health • Biomarkers
L. Che (*)
Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tingyi Hospital, Tingyi University School of Medicine,
Shanghai 200065, China
e-mail: [email protected]
D. Li
Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA
Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
e-mail: [email protected]