31
3.7 Conclusion
HPV infection has been shown to play an important role in various benign and
malignant diseases. HPV-related cancers constitute a distinct entity compared to
non-HPV-related lesions and are usually associated with a favorable prognosis.
HPV type 16 is the most common type found in all anogenital, oral, and oropharyn-
geal malignancies. For cervical cancer, well-established cytology and HPV test
screening allow early detection and successful treatment of precancerous cervical
lesions [ 62 ]. For other HPV-associated disorders, the early detection of precancer-
ous lesion is either difficult or almost impossible. Effective preventive measures
could help reduce the burden of these cancers, which have shown an increase in the
incidence over the last few decades. Many questions regarding HPV testing, vacci-
nation, and treatment of HPV-related cancers continue to remain unanswered. Large
multicenter trials are required in order to study the biological behavior and treat-
ment strategies in the management of HPV-related cancers.
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3 HPV-Related Cancers