Aquaculture: Management, Challenges and Developments

94 Safina M. Musa, Christopher Mulanda Aura and Rodrick Kundu

ownership of land/ponds. There was statistically significant association
between gender and ownership of land/pond (χ2 = 1.872; df =6; p = 0.003)
in Nyanza region.

Figure 4. Time allocation for a man in aquaculture in Nyanza region, Kenya.

Figure 5. Ownership of resource by gender along the aquaculture value chain in
Nyanza region.

Access to Credit

The survey indicated that women had limited access to credit both at
hatchery (17%), grow out (21%), and marketing (19%) levels. A higher
proportion of the female respondents (92%) indicated lack of collateral as the
main hindrance for obtaining credit.

52%

32%

5% 8% 2%

1%

House chores Marketting fish Sleeping

Pond management Hatchery management Other activities

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Hatchery Growout Marketting

Percentage by gender

Females

Males