138
Table 1 Cardiac effects and mechanism of action of CGA-derived peptides (ND = Not Detected)
CgA-
derived
peptides
Basal
condition
Adrenergic
stimulation
Signalling
principles
involved
Frank-
Starling
response
References
Frog
VS-1 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
Ca2+ and K+
channels
ND Corti et al.
( 2002 , 2004 )
Tota et al.
( 2004 )
VS-2 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Corti et al.
( 2002 )
CgA 7–57 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
Ca2+ and K+
channels
cytoskeleton
ND Corti et al.
( 2002 , 2004 )
Tota et al.
( 2004 )
Mazza et al.
( 2007 )
bCgA 1–40SS Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.
( 2003 )
bCgA 1–40SH No effect Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.
( 2003 )
bCgA 4–16 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.
( 2003 )
fCGA 4–16 No effect Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.
( 2003 )
bCgA 47–66 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.,
(2003)
fCgA 47–66 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Tota et al.
( 2003 )
CST Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
EE-NOS–NO–
cGMP cascade,
ETB receptors
Positive
modulation
Mazza et al.
( 2008 , 2012 )
Eel
VS-1 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
Ca2+ and K+
channels
EE-NO-cGMP
cascade,
cytoskeleton
ND Imbrogno
et al. ( 2004 )
Tota et al.
( 2004 )
Mazza et al.
( 2007 )
VS-2 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
ND ND Imbrogno
et al. ( 2004 )
CgA 7–57 Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
Ca2+ and K+
channels
ND Imbrogno
et al, ( 2004 )
Tota et al.
( 2004 )
CST Negative
inotropism
Anti- adrenergic
action
β3-AR-Gi/o- -
NO- cGMP
cascade
Positive
modulation
Imbrogno
et al. ( 2010 )
A. Gattuso et al.