262
Cardioprotection, CgA derived peptides (cont.)
ischemic preconditioning, 175–178
natriuretic peptide, 171
neuroendocrine regulation, 171
postconditioning, 179–180
serpinin, 184–185
vasostatin 1, 180–181
Catecholamines (CA) exocytosis
chromogranin A, absence of, 252–253, 255
chromogranin B, absence of, 253–255
chromogranins A and B, absence of,
253–257
Cateslytin, 100
Catestatin (CST)
antimicrobial activity, 53, 55, 56
basic fibroblast growth factor, 162
biologic variants, 140
cardiac effects of, 143–145, 151, 156,
164–165
in aged hypertrophic heart, 154
basal and ISO-stimulated conditions,
140–141
β2-AR/Gi/o-dependent inhibitory
pathway, 122
CgA352-372, 121
ET-1, 123, 124
Frank-Starling response, 154
frog and eel heart, 154
G364S-CST, and P370L-CST, 121–122
histamine-dependent positive
inotropism, 122
isolated cardiomyocytes,
cardioprotective effect, 162–163
isolated rat heart, basal conditions, 153
loading stimulated conditions, 142–143
mechanisms of action, 141–142
myocardial stretch, 124–125
NO production and PSer1179eNOS, 123
cardioprotection, 181–184
definition, 140
endothelial-mediated effects, 157–160
functional genetic polymorphisms
cardiovascular function, 206–208
catecholamine secretion, 206
discovery of, 206
histamine, 161
physiological functions, 85
Caveolin 1 (Cav1), 158–160
Cell adhesion, 85
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), 159
Central nervous system (CNS), 219–220
Cerebral ischemia, 32
Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), 224
Chromaffin cell, 2
Chromaffin granules, 2–3
Chromofungin (Chr)
antimicrobial activity, 53, 55–56
cardiac effects of, 151, 156
AKT/eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway, 155
dose-dependent negative inotropic
effects, 154–155
VS-1 domain, 120–121
cardioprotection, 184
Chromogranin A (CgA), 4–5, 12–13
angiogenesis
proteases, 88
tumors, 9, 90–92
VEGF-and FGF-2, RAR assay, 87–88
ANP, BNP and TNFα, 161–162
antimicrobial peptides (see (Antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs)))
biologically active peptides, 99–100
calcium homeostasis and N-terminus of, 4
cardioprotection (see (Cardioprotection,
CgA derived peptides))
catecholamines exocytosis, 252–253, 255
cell adhesion, 85
circulating CgA
carcinoids, 89
diabetic retinopathy, 89–90
ELISA, 89
full-length CGA, cardiovascular system
(see (Full length chromogranin A,
cardio-circulatory system))
heart failure and rheumatoid
arthritis, 89
immunoassays, 89–90
as marker for inflammatory disease, 10
multiple myeloma, 90
neuroendocrine tumors, 89
physiological role for, 10
definition, 134
endothelial barrier integrity, 85–87
essential hypertension, 44
fibroblast adhesion, 85
glucose homeostasis, pancreastatin and
prohormone, 3
hormone aggregation, 41
inflammatory diseases, 44
IP 3 R/Ca2+ channel interaction
(see (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
receptor (IP 3 R)/Ca2+ channel,
chromogranins A and B))
metabolic disorders, 44
phylogenetic conservation, 134
physiological functions, 84–85
plasma CGA, 50–51
post-translational modifications, 100Index