Chromogranins from Cell Biology to Physiology and Biomedicine

267

Tumors, 28
chromogranin A, 84, 90–92
secretogranin II, 27–28
Type-2 diabetes, 44

V
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),
30, 31, 86, 87, 90, 104
Vasculogenesis, 30–31
Vasoconstriction-inhibiting factor (VIF), 7
Vasostatin-1 (VS-1)
antimicrobial activity, 53–56
as cardiac stabilizer
chromofungin, cardiac properties of,
119–121
isolated and Langendorff perfused rat
heart, 116
ISO-mediated stimulation, 117–118
negative inotropic and lusitropic
effects, 116–117
physiological pathways, 117–119

cardioprotection, 180–181

physiological functions, 84–85

Vasostatins (VSs), 135–136, 150–151

cardiac effects, 143–145, 156, 164–165

basal and ISO-stimulated conditions,

136–137

frog and eel heart, 151–152

isolated rat heart, negative inotropic

and lusitropic effects, 152

mechanisms of action, 137–139

PI3K-Akt-NO pathway, 153

rCgA1–64SH and rCgA1–64OX,

152–153

catestatin and serpinin, 7–9

endothelial-mediated effects, 157–158

and vascular endothelium, 6–7

Vitreous of diabetic patients (DV), 52–53

W

Wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin, 238

Wound healing, SN gene therapy, 31

Index