and monitoring [ 8 ]. The third one will be building of a dynamic nanoelectronic
systems that can expend together with the developmental process of synthetic tissue
to study the individual cell behavior throughout the whole tissue during tissue
development.
The last part of the thesis introduces a syringe-injection method to deliver
ultra-flexible mesh electronics into behaving animal brain tissues. The results from
this example show a non-invasively chronic integration of mesh electronics within
brain tissue and a neutrophilic electronics for recording. We envision this technique
will bring revolutionary impacts into neuroscience, neurology and development of
next generation brain-machine interface. First, current techniques used for deep
brain mapping and stimulation suffer from strong immunoresponses from the sur-
rounded neural tissue to the implanted probes, which typically lead to hundreds
micrometers“killing zone”for neurons and scar tissues formation. Therefore, there
is no way to stably sense/stimulate same neurons, especially same type of neurons
for a long time. This is a major problem for electronics-enabled therapeutics such as
deep brain stimulation (Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, etc.) that requires long-term
stable stimulation at effective brain regions, in which, consequently, patients suffer
from re-adjustment of the implants every several months or even weeks [ 9 ].
Application of injected mesh electronics that introduce no chronic damage to the
surrounding brain tissue with neuralfilament regenerated after months’implanta-
tion could provide a much more robust nanoelectronic-neuron interface to reduce
the extra-damage to patients and enhance the efficiency of therapy. In addition,
those injected mesh electronics could gradually unfold inside brain, especially in
embryonic and neonatal brain, in which tissues exhibit viscoelastic behavior rather
than elastic behavior. Therefore, we can envision a delivery of mesh electronics
with millions to billions sensors/stimulators followed by a complete unfold to fully
distribute throughout the whole brain tissue for precise brain activity mapping at
single neuron and single spike level for deciphering the brain coding [ 10 ].
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