In Chap. 3 , I introduce the integration of these 3D nanoelectronic networks with
other soft materials such as PDMS and gel. Moreover, use of nanoelectronic units
such as photodetectors, chemical sensors and strain sensors will be demonstrated.
In Chap. 4 , I focus on transforming the nanoelectronic network into a 3D net-
work that mimics the structure of different extracellular matrices and integrates with
synthetic or natural tissue scaffolds to form hybrid nanoES. Moreover, neurons and
cardiomyocytes are cultured within this hybrid nanoES to develop a synthetic
cellular construct with embedded nanoelectronics. Their potential application in
pharmacology is discussed. Finally, I will discuss that using this nanoES alone with
the culture of smooth muscle cells to build a vascular construct that can act as
nanoelectronic blood vessel, and discuss the functions of the nanoelectronic pH
sensing units in this nanoelectronic blood vessel.
In Chap. 5 , I focus on how to deliver and integrate this nanoES into in vivo
systems, with emphasis on in vivo rodent brain tissue. Specifically, I introduce a
syringe-injection method to deliver the nanoelectronic network. The behavior of the
nanoelectronic network in the needle and tissue analogies is discussed. Implantation
and the integration of nanoelectronics with brain tissue are analyzed. The vanish-
ingly small immunoreactivity of the tissue to the electronics during chronic
implantation is discussed. Finally, preliminary data are presented which show the
promise of nanoelectronics as an active tissue scaffold for guiding the outgrowth of
neuron stem cells in the subventricular zone.
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1.5 Overview of Thesis 9