nanoES/HASMC sheets (Fig.4.18b) were rolled into multi-layer 3D tubular
structures and matured without macroscopic delamination or desquamation
(Fig.4.18c), and analyses showed that the cells expressed smooth musclea-actin
(Fig.4.18d), the key contractile protein in smooth muscle [ 31 ].
We visualized the distribution of nanoES in the tubular construct by
micro-computed tomography (μCT). A projection of the reconstructed 3DμCT data
(Fig.4.19a) revealed regularly spaced metal interconnects with at least four revo-
lutions (arrows, Fig.4.19a, II), consistent with the nanowire FET mesh and tissue
rolling. Analyses of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections (Fig.4.19b) revealed
smooth muscle tissue * 200 μm thick, with elongated cells and collagenous
nanofibers, and embedded SU-8 ribbons from the nanoES (Fig.4.19b). These
findings confirm 3D integration of nanowire FET nanoelectronics with healthy
smooth muscle.
Fig. 4.17 Multiplexed 3D recording from hybrid self-organized nanoES/neural constructs. The
hybrid nanoES/neural 3D construct was prepared by culturing neurons with a 3D self-organized
device array for 14 days in vitro with a density of >4 million neurons/mL in Matrigel™.aThree
nanowire FETs (labeled 1, 2 and 3) were distributed in the construct with x–y–z positions.bThe
localfield potential changes recorded from three devices in the 3D neuron construct showed
distinct position-dependent temporal responses following glutamate solution injection.cPerfusing
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D(-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
(APV) blockers prior to glutamate addition eliminate any observed response, and thus show that
the observed response in (b) can be attributed to postsynaptic signal propagation. The orange
segments mark the timing when glutamate solution was injected (continued) (b,c). The observed
responses are consistent with the effects of glutamate, CNQX and APV
4.3 Results and Discussion 59