Subject Index 465
DNA binding 361, 362, 364
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD+)
structure 112
Nirenberg, M.
molecular biology 7
nitrogen mustards
lomustine 129
NMR, nuclear magnetic
resonance 433–438
heteronuclear multiple bond
correlation, HMBC 435
heteronuclear multiple quantum
correlation, HMQC 435
Karplus equation 435
nuclear Overhauser effect
nOe-walk 435–436
nucleic acids
active nuclei 433
oligonucleotide
nuclear Overhauser effect 434
oligonucleotide
TOCSY & NOESY 434
nogalamycin
threading intercalation 359
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors
NNRTIs 131
Northern blot
RNA analysis 181
nuclear matrix
in gene expression 230
nuclear scaffold
in gene expression 230
nuclease hypersensitive site
DNAse I susceptible sites 230
nucleic acid
alkylation, dimethyl sulfate 301
alkylation, methylnitrosourea 301, 325
-irradiation damage 322
halogenation reactions 298
higher-order structures 68–71
ionising radiation 322
photochemistry 316
structural dynamics 64–68
x-ray damage 322
nucleic acid components 14–16
nucleoid
chromatin structure 69
nucleolus
RNA-packed organelle 282
nucleophilic reactions of nucleosides &
nucleotides 298–303
carbon electrophiles 300–302
halogenation 298–299
metallation 302–303
nitrogen electrophiles 300
nucleoside
anomeric effect (shape) 22
-anomer 79
base halogenation 92
bisphosphate 15
chemical synthesis 77–79
diphosphate 15
enzymatic synthesis 84
fusion synthesis 80, 81
hydrolysis 296
modified 78
modified sugars – uses 98
NMR 19
oxathiolane 90, 91
rotamers 22
silyl base synthesis 80, 83
spectroscopy 19
structure 14
sugar anomerisation 82
syn-anticonformation 21
synthesis of modified bases 87
synthesis of modified sugars 92
synthesis using base anions 85, 86
tautomerisation 16, 325
transglycosylation synthesis 82, 84
triphosphate 15
Vorbrüggen synthesis 82
nucleoside analogue
dP 192
therapeutic applications 125–135
nucleoside -boranotriphosphates
nucleotide analogues 114, 115
nucleoside diphosphates
biosynthesis 121
nucleoside oxidation
adenosine N-1-oxide 297
osmium tetroxide, thymine glycol 297
nucleoside 5-phosphoromorpholidates
synthesis of nucleotides 114
nucleoside Q 96
nucleoside reduction
Barton reduction 297
catalytic hydrogenation 296
nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors NRTIs 129
nucleoside -thiotriphosphates
synthesis 114, 115
nucleoside triphosphates
biosynthesis 121
synthesis 114
nucleosides
dioxolane 90
nucleosome
DNA packaging 217, 408–409
structure 68
DNA structure in 385
nucleotide
structure 14
analogues 191
HPMPA 134
biosynthesis 116–122
catabolism
purines 122, 123pyrimidines 124
deletion 331
enzymatic polymerisation 124–125
flipping DNA glycosylase 329,
406, 407
fluorescent, chain terminators 302
hydrolysis 296
insertion 331
ionisation 16
metallation
mercury derivatives 302
palladium derivatives 302
physical properties 16
pKadata 16
polymerisation 124
preferred conformation 23
prodrug 131
shapes (conformations) 20
spectroscopy 19
UV extinction coefficients 428
virtual bond concept (shape) 22
nucleotide biosynthesis
feedback inhibition 118O^6 -benzylguanine
repair enzyme inhibitor 129, 326
O^6 -methyl-2-deoxyguanosine
synthesis 96
DNA alkylation product 325
oligodeoxyribonucleotide
antisense 193
chemical synthesis 143–152
NMR
TOCSY & NOESY 434
synthesis
attachment to support 150
chain assembly 151
deprotection 152
H-phosphonate route 109, 147, 149
HPLC 153
5 -hydroxyl protection 145
light directed 185
nucleobase protection 145
phosphate diester route 108, 147
phosphate triester route 108, 146, 147
phosphite triester route 109, 147, 149
polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis 153
2 -protection 144
purification of oligomers 153
solid phase synthesis 150
strategy 144
synthesis enzymatic 156
oligonucleotide
aptamer 198
chain convention 16
enzymatic synthesis 156–158
flexibility
molecular dynamic analysis 454
NMR analysis 439