© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018
J. Goldstein et al., Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6676-9_19289Quantitative Analysis:
From k-ratio to Composition
19
19.1 What Is a k-ratio?
19.2 Uncertainties in k-ratios
19.3 Sets of k-ratios
19.4 Converting Sets of k-ratios Into Composition
19.5 The Analytical Total
19.6 Normalization
19.7 Other Ways to Estimate CZ
19.7.1 Oxygen by Assumed Stoichiometry – 293
19.7.2 Waters of Crystallization – 293
19.7.3 Element by Difference – 29319.8 Ways of Reporting Composition
19.8.1 Mass Fraction – 294
19.8.2 Atomic Fraction – 294
19.8.3 Stoichiometry – 294
19.8.4 Oxide Fractions – 29419.9 The Accuracy of Quantitative Electron-Excited X-ray Microanalysis
Microanalysis – 295
19.9.1 Standards-Based k-ratio Protocol – 295
19.9.2 “Standardless Analysis” – 29619.10 Appendix
19.10.1 The Need for Matrix Corrections To Achieve Quantitative
Analysis – 298
19.10.2 The Physical Origin of Matrix Effects – 299
19.10.3 ZAF Factors in Microanalysis – 299