Alien Introgression in Wheat Cytogenetics, Molecular Biology, and Genomics

11

et al. ( 1979 ), but also included some molecular genetic data (Golovnina et al. 2007 ,
2009 ). Goncharov et al. ( 2009 ) recognized 29 Triticum species in fi ve sections and
criticized the recognition of T. kiharae by Dorofeev et al. ( 1979 ) and Mac Key
( 2005 ), as the only human-made wheat. Therefore, the section “ Compositum ” was
erected for all possible genome combinations of artifi cial amphiploids, which
enables their effective collection and preservation. Van Slageren ( 1994 , 2013), Mac
Key ( 2005 ), and Goncharov ( 2011 ) disagreed on whether or not, or if so at which
point, single spontaneous or induced mutations should be given species rank. Hence,
they disagreed on the acceptance of some species described by Dorofeev et al.
( 1979 ) like e.g., T. sinskajae. Tables 1.2 and 1.3 depict the taxonomic treatments for

Table 1.3 Revision of Mac Key’s Triticum treatment by van Slageren ( 1994 )

Section Species Subspecies Genome

Monococcon T. monococcum L. subsp. monococcum A

Dumort. subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell.

T. urartu Tumanian ex

Gandilyan

A

Dicoccoidea T. turgidum L. subsp. turgidum B A

Flaksb. subsp. carthlicum (Nevski) A.Löve

& D.Löve

subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex

Schübl.) Thell.

subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.

subsp. paleocolchicum (Menabde)

A.Löve & D.Löve

subsp. polonicum (L.) Thell.

subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) A.Löve

& D.Löve

subsp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch.

& Graebn.) Thell.

T. timopheevii subsp. timopheevii GA

(Zhuk.) Zhuk. subsp. armeniacum (Jakubz.) van

Slageren

Triticum T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum BAD

subsp. compactum (Host) Mac Key

subsp. macha (Dekapr. &

Menabde) Mac Key

subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.

subsp. sphaerococcum (Percival)

Mac Key

T. zhukovskyi

Menabde & Ericz.

GAA

Genome designations are given as “female parent x male parent”. Subspecies are arranged by
autonym fi rst, followed by cultivated ones in alphabetical order, followed by wild forms. The usage
of T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. was chosen over T. turgidum subsp.
dicoccon (Schrank) Thell. following van Slageren and Payne ( 2013 )

1 Taxonomic Treatments of Triticeae and the Wheat Genus Tr it icu m