Genes, Brains, and Human Potential The Science and Ideology of Intelligence
and vary through such simple, in de pen dent associations, as we shall see in chapters 4 and 5. Imagine each of the thousand leg ...
“heritability.” Th is is what has been shown in a recent study by Or Zuk and colleagues, who called the result “phantom heritabi ...
50 PRETEND GENES The “Environment” No one ignores the role of the environment. As with genes, though, the environment is conceiv ...
PRETEND GENES 51 Environments and Horticulture Again this model fl ies in the face of real ity. Hundreds of studies show that en ...
52 PRETEND GENES Th e statistical models must assume randomized mating. Th at is, par- ents do not select one another by compati ...
PRETEND GENES 53 importance of genes— seems to be the solution to another spherical horse prob lem. Th is is why critics like St ...
54 PRETEND GENES Of course, identical twins who have been reared apart are rather rare. Bouchard and colleagues have accumulated ...
PRETEND GENES 55 same neighborhood, remained friends, sat next to each other in school, and so on. Some even returned to live wi ...
56 PRETEND GENES Moreover, the MISTRA sample included DZAs, and the investigators have acknowledged that comparison of MZA with ...
PRETEND GENES 57 Equal Environments Assumption Th e fi rst of these fl aws is fatal and insurmountable. Simply taking the dif- f ...
58 PRETEND GENES mea sures like IQ than DZ pairs. In other words, the twin method is unfi t for purpose. So how can twin researc ...
PRETEND GENES 59 mentioned above, that “ there is very little knowledge of the trait- relevant environments that infl uence IQ.” ...
60 PRETEND GENES and contrast... and hence look out for diff erences (which) oft en leads to the exaggeration of character trait ...
PRETEND GENES 61 correlate with their adoptive mothers’ IQs. Th is is then compared to the correlation with their biological mot ...
62 PRETEND GENES family members. Adoptive parents, from the moment of adoption, worry about the personalities, biological backgr ...
PRETEND GENES 63 ing opportunistically rather than by careful, methodological design. In addition, the “fi eld” nature of studie ...
64 PRETEND GENES po liti cal party preference po liti cal participation attitudes toward homo sexuality and gay rights religious ...
PRETEND GENES 65 Th e heritabilities listed in table 2.1, for example, were estimated, not by fallible twin studies using rough ...
66 PRETEND GENES estimates should be abandoned. Th ey are based on false ge ne tic and en- vironmental premises and are fatally ...
PRETEND GENES 67 question, to be causal. However, even if we accept those at face value, there are more serious prob lems. As wi ...
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