Genes, Brains, and Human Potential The Science and Ideology of Intelligence

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  1. PRETEND GENES 351


Traits: Large Phenotypic Eff ects and Pervasive Epistasis,” Proceedings of the National
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  1. T. Bouchard, “IQ Similarity in Twins Reared Apart: Findings and Response to Criti-
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    enko (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 126–162, 145.

  2. R. Plomin and I. J. Deary, “Ge ne tics and Intelligence Diff erences: Five Special Find-
    ings,” Molecular Psychiatry 20 (September 2015): 98–108.

  3. W. Johnson, M. McGue, and W. G. Iacono, “Ge ne tic and Environmental Infl uences
    on the Verbal- Perceptual- Image Rotation (VPR) Model of the Structure of Mental
    Abilities,” Intelligence 35 (2007): 542–562, 548.

  4. S. W. Omholt, “From Beanbag Ge ne tics to Feedback Ge ne tics: Bridging the Gap
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  5. T. J. Bouchard Jr., D. T. Lykken, M. McGue, N. L. Segal, and A. Tellegen, “Sources of
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  6. R. Plomin, “Nature and Nurture: Perspective and Prospective,” in Nature, Nurture,
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  7. See J. Joseph, Th e Trou ble with Twin Studies (Basingstoke, U.K.: Routledge, 2014).

  8. J. Joseph, Th e Trou ble with Twin Studies.

  9. J. Joseph, Th e Trou ble with Twin Studies.
    20. J. Joseph, Th e Trou ble with Twin Studies.
    21. Z. A. Kaminsky, T. Tang, S. C. Wang, C. Ptak, G. H. Oh, et al., “DNA Methylation
    Profi les in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins,” Nature Ge ne tics 41 (February 2009):
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    22. D. M. Evans and N. G. Martin, “Th e Validity of Twin Studies,” GeneScreen 1 (July
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    23. J. Joseph, Th e Gene Illusion: Ge ne tic Research in Psychiatry and Psy chol ogy Under
    the Microscope (Ross- on- Wye, U.K.: PCCS Books, 2003).
    24. Y. Kovas, R. A. Weinberg, J. M. Th omson, and K. W. Fischer, “Th e Ge ne tic and Environ-
    mental Origins of Learning Abilities and Disabilities in the Early School Years,” Mono-
    graphs of the Society for Research in Child Development 72 (2007): vii–160, 6.

  10. K. Richardson and S. H. Norgate, “Th e Equal Environments Assumption of Classical
    Twin Studies May Not Hold,” British Journal of Educational Psy chol ogy 75 (September
    2005): 1–13.
    26. D. Conley, E. Rauscher, C. Dawes, P. K. Magnusson, and M. L. Siegal, “Heritability
    and the Equal Environments Assumption: Evidence from Multiple Samples of
    Misclassifi ed Twins,” B e h a v i o r G e n e t i c s 43 (September 2013): 415–426.
    27. R. J. Sternberg, “For Whom the Bell Curve Tolls: A Review of the Bell Curve,” Psy-
    chological Science 5 (1995): 257–261, 260.


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