Genes, Brains, and Human Potential The Science and Ideology of Intelligence

INDEX 381

and, 7–8; sorting people by, 72–73;
swarm, 237–242; variation in, 42–43; of
visual system, 172–174. See also human
intelligence; IQ; IQ tests/testing; social
intelligence
intelligent systems, 115–117, 308–309
intelligent variation, 229–230
internal signaling, 120–123
introns, 126
Ioannidis, John, 4
IQ: of adopted children, 60–62; age and,
81–82; brain and, 27–28; changeability
of, 102; correlation between brain size
and, 190–191; correlations between
spouses, 52; correlation with cortical
thickness, 193–194; in cultural context,
98–100, 280–286; Flynn eff ect and rise
in average, 97–104; heritability estimates
for, 65; individual diff erences in
physiology and, 164, 166–167; job
performance and, 86–93; as measure of
intelligence, 9, 73–74, 104; sorting
people according to, 72–73; trainability
of, 102–103; twin studies regarding,
53–62. See also intelligence; IQ tests/
testing
IQ tests/testing: author’s experience with,
72; Binet and, 76–78; calibrated against
school performance, 320; cognition
and, 199–200; complex cognition in
real life and, 95–97; constructed to
reveal presumed diff erences, 80–82;
correlation with social class, 7–8,
67–68, 78, 101, 103; culture-free, 93–95;
growth of, 80; ideological origins of,
74–76; individual diff erences in
physiology and, 163–164; as measure
of brain functions, 191–192; subversion
of, 78–80; validity of, 84–86. See also
intelligence; IQ
Isaacs, Elizabeth, 297
Isaacson, Walter, 289

Jackson, Duncan, 238

Jacobson, Lenore, 322

Jaeggi, Susanne, 102–103, 233

James, William, 174, 201

Jensen, Arthur, 8, 91, 93

Jerison, Harry, 255

job performance, 86–93, 332–335

job security, 317

Johnson, Mark, 222

Johnson, Michael, 17

Johnson, Wendy, 52

Joseph, Jay, 55, 57

juxtacrine signaling, 141

Kahn, Shulamit, 323

Kahneman, Daniel, 280

Kamin, Leon, 43

Kanizsa triangle, 218

Karban, Richard, 163

Kauff man, Stuart, 108

Kaufman, Barry, 9

Keane, Mark, 200, 210

Kemp, Iris, 9

Kim, Youngdoe, 68

kinetic depth eff ect, 175

knowledge, 225–227; cultural context of

IQ and, 282–283; regeneration of, 278;

school, 325–326; school-acquired and

real-life, 333–334; social cognition

and, 247–248

Köhler, Wolfgang, 207

Kolbert, Elizabeth, 331

Komiya, Yuko, 145

Kropotkin, Peter, 256, 257

Kumar, Krishna, 68–69

Kunkle, Daniel, 242

labeling, self-fulfi lling, 321–324

Lane, Nick, 110

language, 276

Lappin, Joseph, 176

Latham, Jonathan, 17–18

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