Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
239
Index
abundant species, 97, 170–71
activity patterns, 99, 150–51
Aeromonas salmonicida infection, 181
age and size at maturity, 129–31
age determination, 132–33
aggregations, 68–70; mating, 70, 128–29;
schools, 70–71; sex-specific, 128–29
albinism, 61–62
Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 207
ambush predators, 145–47
American Elasmobranch Society (AES), 195,
221–22, 230
American Fisheries Society, 230
American Marinelife Dealers Association
(AMDA), 158
American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpe-
tologists, 230
ampullae of Lorenzini, 38–39, 50, 141
anatomical features, 4–10, 224–25. See also
under specific species
angel sharks (Squatina spp.), 4, 8, 228; activity,
99, 150; age determination, 134; avoiding
predators, 105, 106; brain, 51, 80; coloration,
57, 64; eyes, 64; feeding, 146, 147, 150; fish-
ing, 186, 194; growth rate, 133; reproduc-
tion, 119, 124; resting on the bottom, 41;
size, maturity, and longevity, 130; species, 10;
teeth, 8, 25
anticancer drugs from sharks, 160–62
Aristotle, 206
art, 216–18
asexual reproduction, 127–28
Atlantic Chimaera (Hydrolagus affinis), 94
Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon ter-
raenovae), 116, 117 , 119
Atlantic Stingray (Dasyatis sabina), 32, 39, 87,
91, 100, 102, 102 , 114, 119, 223
Atlantic Weasel Shark (Paragaleus pectoralis), 58
attacks by sharks, 171–80; causes, 175–76;
estimating size and species from bite marks,
178–79; likelihood, 177; number, 173;
records, 173; response and medical help,
184; shark repellants, 142, 179–81; species
involved, 173–74
attacks on sharks, 101–7
Australian Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus tilstoni),
128
Australian Elephant Fish, 120, 129
Australian Ghostfish, 88
Australian Ghost Shark (Callorhinchus milii), 38,
102, 130, 133
Australian Marbled Catshark, 58
Australian Shortnose Sawshark (Pristiophorus
nudipinnis), 9
avoiding predators, 104–7
bamboo sharks, 4, 10; coloration, 58, 61, 65;
enemies, 101; feeding, 138, 148; geographic
diversity, 96; intelligence, 80; pets, 157, 158;
reproduction, 114, 115, 119, 127; seeing in
captivity, 168
Banded Guitarfish (Zapteryx exasperata), 64
Barbeled Houndshark (Leptocharias smithii), 108
barbels, 34
Barndoor Skate, 188–89, 223
Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus), 4, 10, 223;
age determination, 134; boat injuries, 200;
brain, 51, 80; buoyancy, 45; conservation,
195; feeding, 15, 24, 28–29, 68, 86–87, 99,
138, 148–49; fishing, 186–87, 188, 194, 195;
groups, 68, 71; longevity, 131; mating/repro-
duction, 112, 119, 122; migration, 84, 86–87,
99; myths, 202; scales, 42; size, 15, 129; teeth,
28, 105; tracking movements, 226; vertical
movements, 45, 89; winter behavior, 87
batoids (Batoidea), 1, 2; abundance, 97; classifi-
cation, 4, 228; differentiation from sharks, 6,
7–8; evolution, 13; geographic diversity, 96;
guitarfishes, 8–9; habitats, 12, 13; maturity
and longevity, 130; sawfishes, 8; shape, 8;
size, 16; species, 10; swimming, 6, 45; tails, 8;
teeth, 7. See also rays; skates
Bat Ray (Myliobatis californica), 70, 71, 97, 116,
121, 153, 155, 167, 223
behavior, 68–83; fighting, 73–75; identifying
individuals, 71–73; intelligence, 52, 79–81,
135, 154; making sounds, 82–83; mating,
112–15, 125; play, 82; schooling, 70–71;
sleep, 41; social, 68–70, 77–79; swimming at
surface with dorsal fins sticking out, 12, 34,
69, 79; territoriality, 75–77; tonic immobility,
83; tool use, 81–82
Belle Isle Aquarium, 127
Benchley, Peter, 172, 220
benthic sharks, 37, 43, 55, 58, 63, 66
Biblical references, 205–6
Bigelow’s Skate (Rajella bigelowi), 94
Bigeye Thresher (Alopias superciliosus), 84, 89
Bignose Shark (Carcharhinus altimus), 94
Big Skate (Raja binoculata), 55, 55, 109, 117, 118
bioluminescence, 57, 60, 89–90, 147
bites. See attacks by sharks
