258 C. Talcott and M. Knapp
and Temsirolimus in some detail, and briefly summarize the results for the other
three drugs. Recall that the SKMEL133 model and a guided tour allowing the user
to reproduce these results and carry out other gedanken experiments are available
for download or in the Online collection at [ 13 ].
5.1 Effects of AktI12
AktI12 (PubChemCID 10196499) is a reversible allosteric inhibitor of Akt1 and
Akt2 which prevents the conformational change that permits phosphorylation
and activation [ 11 ]. To model the effect of AktI12 we use PLA to block (avoid)
the occurrenceAkts-act-phos!FSY-phos!KTF@CLcin the SKMEL133 dishnet.
Recall, this occurrence can be interpreted as Akt1 phosphorylated at S473/T308
and/or Akt2 phosphorylated at S474/T309 in the cytoplasm. Now we compute
the resulting reachable network, and compare it to the untreated model to deter-
mine what has become unreachable.
Figure 4 shows the explanation as an annotated version of network pro-
duced by PLA in the context of the unperturbed model. It shows how drug
perturbations interrupt the path between the initial state and the measured
goals. The key in the figure describes the color coding in detail. Yellow col-
oring highlights the unreachable part of the SKMEL133 dishnet. Occurrences
outlined in red are directly inhibited by the drug. Occurrences outlined in
green decrease in response to the drug. In particular the measured decrease in
Mek1-act-phos!SMANS@CLc
014c
431c
Ybx1@CLc
3826c
Ybx1-phos!S102@CLc
Axin1@CLc
1340c
Ctnnb1-phos!S33-phos!S37-phos!S45-phos!T41@CLc
Raptor@CLc
916c
Raptor@CLcMlst8@CLc
Mtor@CLc
535c
Ctnnb1@CLc
1357c
Pld1@CLi
498c
Ctnnb1-phos!S45@CLc
Csnk1a1-act@CLc
Raptor@CLcMlst8@CLc
Mtor-act@CLc
Rps6-phos!S235-phos!S236@CLc
3815c
TRANSLATION-ON@Sig
Rps6-phos!S235-phos!S236-phos!S240-phos!S244@CLc
3815c-1
Akts-phos!FSY-phos!KTF@CLc
619c
Erks@CLc
Akts-act-phos!FSY-phos!KTF@CLc
1350c
1350c-1
819c 122c 3824c
3784c
Bim-phos!S69@CLc
3832c
3833c
Rsk1-phos!S363-phos!S380-phos!T359@CLc
1001c
Rsk1-act-phos!S363-phos!S380-phos!T359@CLc
1648c
S6k1-phos!T252-phos!T412@CLc
885c
Rictor@CLc
BrafV600E@CLc
3808c
Sin1@CLc
Braf-act@CLc
Mlst8@CLcSin1@CLc
Rictor@CLcMtor-act@CLc
Irs1-phos!S1101-phos!S270-phos!S307-phos!S636-ubiq@CLc
3823c
Tsc2-phos!S540-phos!S664@CVcTsc1@CVc
1618c
Cul7@CLc
3822c
Tsc1@CVc
Fbxw8@CLc
Tsc2-phos!S540-phos!S664@CLc
Rbx1@CLc Skp1@CLc
Tsc2-phos!S540-phos!S664-phos!T1462@CVcTsc1@CVc
1618c-1
Tsc2-phos!S540-phos!S664-phos!T1462@CLc
3816c
Irs1-degraded@Sig
S6k1-act-phos!T252-phos!T412@CLc
3813c 1650c
3838c
Ctnnb1-phos!S33-phos!S37-phos!S45-phos!T41-ubiq@CLc
3830c
Btrc@CLc
Tp53-gene-on@NUc
3825c
Tp53-gene-off@NUc
Maz@NUc
Mlst8@CLc
472c
Mtor@CLc
Mlst8@CLcMtor@CLc
PIP2@CLm
3820c
PIP3@CLm
3818c
Pi3k@CLi
Pdpk1@CLc
Pdpk1-act@CLc
109c
109c-1
Ywhas@CLc Ctnnb1-degraded@Sig
Tsc2-phos!S540-phos!S664-phos!T1462@CLcYwhas@CLc
Rheb-GTP@CVc
1126c
Rheb-GDP@CVc
Tsc1@CVcTsc2@CVc
1617c
Tsc2-phos!T1462@CVcTsc1@CVc
1617c-1
Erks-act-phos!TEY@CLc
1647c
3831c
Eif4ebp1@CLc
911c
Eif4ebp1-phos!S65-phos!T37-phos!T46-phos!T70@CLc
654c
S6k1@CLc
S6k1-phos!T412@CLc
553c
Akts@CLc
632c 060c
Akts-phos!FSY@CLc
060c-1
Akts-phos!KTF@CLc
632c-1
Ilk-act@CLc
Eif4ebp1-phos!S65@CLc
Gsk3s-act@CLc
Rsk1@CLc
Irs1@CLc
Irs1-phos!S1101-phos!S270-phos!S307-phos!S636@CLc
Rps6@CLc
Gsk3s-phos!SFAE@CLc Maz-phos!T385@NUc
Bim@CLc
Mek1@CLc
Occurrences in initial state
1126c Rules
Occurrence is changed
Occurrence is required
but unchanged
Cells treated with AktI12
Occurrences decreased
in data
Occurrences directly
inhibited by drugs
Unreachable occurrences phosphorylation are Akt activity and
inhibited by AktI12
Decrease in
phosphorylation of
Eif4ebp1-phos(S65)
Gsk3s-phos(SFAE)
Tsc2-phos(T1462)
Proteasome@CLc
Bim-degraded@Sig
Bim-phos!S69-ubiq@CLc
Decrease in
phosphorylation of
Eif4ebp1-phos(S65)
Rps6-phos(S235)
Rps6-phos(S240)
S6k1-phos(T412)
Decrease in Irs1
protein degradation
Fig. 4.The SKMEL133 model treated with AktI12.