the findings of Tramper et al. (1988), who found that Vd is proportional to the bubble
volume. It also differs from the findings of Handa et al. (1985), who found that smaller
bubbles were more detrimental on a per bubble basis. Figure 15.2 summarises the data on
the effect of bubble diameter on the hypothetical killing volume. The following equation
is fitted to the data of Tramper et al. (1988) and Wu and Goosen (1995a):
(6)where Vd 0 (m^3 ) represents the part of the killing volume that is not a function of the
bubble diameter, k (−) is a constant, and p (−) is the power coefficient. Table 15.3 gives
the results
Figure 15.2 Hypothetical killing
volume as a function of bubble
diameter. Tramper et al. (1988),
Wu and Goosen (1995a), Orton
(1992), (+) Handa et al. (1987) The
lines represent the least-square
regression lines of equation (6)
through the data of Tramper et al.
(1988) and Wu and Goosen (1995a).
Table 15.3 Results of the fit of equation 6 to the
data of Tramper et al. (1988) and Wu and Goosen
(1995a) shown in Figure 15.2. Numbers between
parentheses are the 95% confidence intervals
Lethal effects of bubbles in animal-cell culture 459