biocatalyst immobilisation, 233
classification, 227
continuous, 231
conversion and scale, 229
costs batch vs. continuous, 241
downstream processing, 236
equipment design, 233
kinetics, 230
overall costs, 238
process control, 235
rate-limiting, 237
Sponge cells, immobilised, 489
Sponge tissue dissociation, 483
Sponge-cell cultures, 483
Sponge-cell growth, 484, 485
Sponges
body structure, 481
classification, 479
maricultures, 482
Stability, 85, 87, 88, 91, 103, 105, 111, 211
Staining techniques, 28–30
Steinernema, 463
Steric effects, 87, 88
Substrate
inhibition, 139, 148
modulus, 90, 93
retention, 139, 140
Surfactant, 181, 182
Support in biofilm reactors, 276
Synthesis of peptides, 151, 161, 162
Taylor vortices, 142
Thiele modulus, 98, 99, 101
Three-phase fluidised bed bioreactor, 334, 335, 337, 347, 358
batch operation, 350
continuous operation, 354
hydrodynamics, 339
kinetics, 338, 342
mass transfer, 338, 340
Transesterification, 152, 154, 181
Two liquid phase
biocatalysis, 115, 130
biocatalytic processes, 116, 117, 126
biocatalytic reactors, 115, 121
biocatalytic systems, 331, 353
downstream processing, 116, 118, 129, 132
kinetics, 122, 123
log P, 119, 120
mass transfer, 122, 123
reactor operation, 124
Index 533