10 Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Mechanism ofCannabis sativaL......... 227
Emmanuel S. Onaivi, Hiroki Ishiguro and Qing-Rong Liu
11 Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Seizures, Convulsions and
Epilepsy................................................ 249
Brian F. Thomas
12 Allergenicity toCannabis sativaL. and Methods to Assess
Personal Exposure........................................ 263
Ajay P. Nayak, Brett J. Green, Gordon Sussman
and Donald H. Beezhold
13 Micropropagation ofCannabis sativaL.—An Update........... 285
Hemant Lata, Suman Chandra, Ikhlas A. Khan
and Mahmoud A. ElSohly
14 Hairy Root Culture as a Biotechnological Tool inC. sativa....... 299
Imane Wahby, Juan Manuel Caba and Francisco Ligero
15 Genomics and Molecular Markers inCannabis sativaL.......... 319
Chiara Onofri and Giuseppe Mandolino
16 The Role ofAgrobacterium-Mediated and Other Gene-Transfer
Technologies in Cannabis Research and Product Development........ 343
Mistianne Feeney and Zamir K. Punja
17 Induction of Polyploidy and Its Effect onCannabis sativaL....... 365
Hakimeh Mansouri and Mahsa Bagheri
18 Classical and Molecular Cytogenetics ofCannabis SativaL....... 385
Gennady I. Karlov, Olga V. Razumova, Oleg S. Alexandrov,
Mikhail G. Divashuk and Pavel Yu. Kroupin
19 Assessing Genetic Diversity inCannabis sativaUsing Molecular
Approaches............................................. 395
Zamir K. Punja, Gina Rodriguez and Sarah Chen
20 Cannabis Endophytes and Their Application in Breeding
and Physiological Fitness.................................. 419
Parijat Kusari, Souvik Kusari, Michael Spiteller and Oliver Kayser
21 Chemical and Physical Elicitation for Enhanced Cannabinoid
Production in Cannabis................................... 439
Jonathan Gorelick and Nirit Bernstein
22 Contaminants of Concern in Cannabis: Microbes, Heavy Metals
and Pesticides........................................... 457
John M. McPartland and Kevin J. McKernan
xiv Contents