(n = 9) and NLD biotypes (n = 21), using a PCA analysis. The PCA scatterplot
clearly discriminated WLD plants from NLD plants. Four terpenoids with the
greatest discriminatory value (i.e.,greatest PCA weight or eigenvector value) were
sesquiterpene alcohols: guaiol,c-eudesmol,b-eudesmol, and a peak tentatively
identified asa-eudesmol. All significant differences (p< 0.05) are presented in
Table4.2. Regardingb-myrcene, Hillig reported the same trend as Hood and Barry:
WLD = 9.0%, NLD = 5.8%, falling short of statistical significance.
Fischedick et al. ( 2010 ) analyzed 23 terpenoids in six strains considered non-
hybridized“Indicas”:“AD,”“AF,”“AM,”“AN,”“AO,”and“Bedropuur.” As
mentioned above, the“Indica”strains had no quantifiable CBD, so they likely were
unrecognized hybrids. They also analyzedfive strains classified as hybrids:“AE”
(“mostly Sativa”),“AG” (“Indica/Sativa”),“Ai94” (“mostly Sativa”),“Bediol”
(“Indica/Sativa/Ruderalis”), “Bedrocan” (“Indica/Sativa”). (“Indica dominant”).
They made an interesting discovery: three“Indicas”(i.e, unrecognized hybrids
(“Bedropuur,”“AO,”and“AF”) expressed measurable levels of guaiol,c-eudes-
mol, andb-eudesmol. These sesquiterpene alcohols are unique to Afghani landraces
(Hillig2004b). Furthermore, the same three strains contained higher levels of
limonene than the other accessions, results consistent with Hillig. Thus hybridized
“Indicas,” despite selection for elevated THC/CBD ratios, retained unique ter-
penoids in common with their landrace ancestors.
Hazekamp and Fischedick ( 2012 ) identified terpenoids in more hybrids, two
“Sativa dominant”samples (“Amnesia,”“Bedrobinal”) and two“Indica dominant”
samples (“White Widow,”“Bedica”). Once again, only“Indica dominant”hybrids
contained guaiol,c-eudesmol, andb-eudesmol.
The aforementioned study of samples from Dutch coffeeshops and proprietary
sources (Tejkalováand Hazekamp 2014 ; Tejkalová 2015 ) analyzed 21 monoter-
penoids and 19 sesquiterpenoids. Multivariate clustering with PCA produced a
scatterplot that segregated“Sativa”and“Indica”into distinct clusters, with some
Table 4.2 Terpenoid
concentration
(mean±standard deviation)
in NDL and WLD biotypes,
reported as statistically
different by Hillig (2004b)
NDL WLD
Limonene 1.3%±1.2 4.0%±4.3
c-terpinene 0.2%±0.2 0.1%±0.2
b-fenchol 0.2%±0.2 0.8%±0.9
Terpinoline 4.4%±8.0 1.0%±2.9
b-caryophyllene 15.7%±7.2 9.7%±6.2
a-guaiene 1.0%±1.3 0.4%±0.7
Transb-farnesene 7.6%±4.4 4.1%±3.3
Caryophyllene oxide 8.9%±7.9 4.2%±4.2
Guaiol 0.2%±0.4 3.5%±1.8
c-eudesmol 0.6%±0.6 4.8%±2.1
b-eudesmol 0.8%±0.6 7.4%±4.0
a-eudesmol (peak 41) 0.1%±0.3 1.4%±1.4
Percentages are ratios of individual peak areas relative to the total
area of all 48 terpenoid peaks112 J.M. McPartland