The seed coat (Fig.5.6b) is two-layered in transection. The outermost layer
consists of tube cells, and the inner layer is made up of spongy parenchyma cells.
The seed coat is followed by perisperm and endosperm, each one-cell layered
in thickness. The cells of endosperm contain aleurone grains. The embryo is
U-shaped, consists of two cotyledons enclosing an epicotyl, a hypocytyl and
primary root (Hayward 1938 ).
Fig. 5.6 Anatomy of C. sativa [E- LM; all others SEM, F- colorized SEM].aTS of petiole;bTS
of root;c,dTS of root;e,fcluster crystals of calcium oxalate in the leaf midrib.Brbract,Cc
cluster crystals,Cocortex,Cocotyledon,Gradaxial groove,Pepericarp,Phphloem,Vbvascular
bundle,Xyxylem
134 V. Raman et al.