Pertwee RG, Ross RA, Craib SJ, Thomas A (2002) (-)-Cannabidiol antagonizes cannabinoid
receptor agonists and noradrenaline in the mouse vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 456:99– 106
Pertwee RG, Howlett AC, Abood ME, Alexander SPH, Di Marzo V, Elphick MR, Greasley PJ,
Hansen HS, Kunos G, Mackie K, Mechoulam R, Ross RA (2010) International union of basic
and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB 1 and
CB 2. Pharmacol Rev 62:588– 631
Pertwee RG, Thomas A, Stevenson LA, Ross RA, Varvel SA, Lichtman AH, Martin BR,
Razdan RK (2007) The psychoactive plant cannabinoid,D^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, is antag-
onized byD^8 - andD^9 -tetrahydrocannabivarin in mice in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 150:586– 594
Petitet F, Jeantaud B, Reibaud M, Imperato A, Dubroeucq M-C (1998) Complex pharmacology of
natural cannabinoids: evidence for partial agonist activity ofD^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and
antagonist activity of cannabidiol on rat brain cannabinoid receptors. Life Sci 63:PL1– 6
Pinsger M, Schimetta W, Volc D, Hiermann E, Riederer F, Pölz W (2006) Benefits of an add-on
treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain—a
randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118:327– 335
Rahn EJ, Hohmann AG (2009) Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain: from the
bench to the bedside. Neurotherapeutics 6:713– 737
Ramer R, Hinz B (2008) Inhibition of cancer cell invasion by cannabinoids via increased
expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:59– 69
Rock EM, Bezaquen J, Limebeer CL, Parker LA (2008) Potential of the rat model of conditioned
gaping to detect nausea produced by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 91:537– 541
Rock EM, Goodwin JM, Limebeer CL, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2011)
Interaction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol
(CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews.
Psychopharmacology 215:505– 512
Rock EM, Bolognini D, Limebeer CL, Cascio MG, Anavi-Goffer S, Fletcher PJ, Mechoulam R,
Pertwee RG, Parker LA (2012) Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic component of cannabis,
attenuates vomiting and nausea-like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5-HT1Asomatodendritic
autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 165:2620– 2634
Ross RA (2009) The enigmatic pharmacology of GPR55. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30:156– 163
Ruiz L, Miguel A, Diaz Laviada I (1999)D^9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in human
prostate PC-3 cells via a receptor-independent mechanism. FEBS Lett 458:400– 404
Russo EB, Burnett A, Hall B, Parker KK (2005) Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1A
receptors. Neurochem Res 30:1037– 1043
Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjögren S, Hjorth S, Hermansson N-O, Leonova J, Elebring T, Nilsson K,
Drmota T, Greasley PJ (2007) The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.
Br J Pharmacol 152:1092– 1101
Sacerdote P, Martucci C, Vaccani A, Bariselli F, Panerai AE, Colombo A, Parolaro D, Massi P
(2005) The nonpsychoactive component of marijuana cannabidiol modulates chemotaxis and
IL-10 and IL-12 production of murine macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. J Neuroimmunol
159:97– 105
Sánchez C, Galve-Roperh I, Canova C, Brachet P, Guzmán M (1998) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol
induces apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. FEBS Lett 436:6– 10
Shen M1, Thayer SA (1999) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol acts as a partial agonist to modulate
glutamatergic synaptic transmission between rat hippocampal neurons in culture. Mol
Pharmacol 55:8– 13
Showalter VM, Compton DR, Martin BR, Abood ME (1996) Evaluation of binding in a
transfected cell line expressing a peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2): identification of
cannabinoid receptor subtype selective ligands. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278:989– 999
Sim LJ, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Childers SR (1996) Effects of chronic treatment with
delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography in
rat brain. J Neurosci 16:8057– 8066
224 M.G. Cascio et al.