329
absolute construction, 192 , 201 , 204
admittedly, 4 , 294 – 95
frequency, 175
history of, 184 – 85 , 188 – 89
it be admitted (that), 185 – 86
in PDE, 173 – 75
speech act adverb, 174
subjunct, 185 , 189
synchronic correspondences, 175 – 77
adverbial
disjunct, 21 , 35 , 136 , 143 , 153 , 173 – 74 ,
175 – 77 , 183 – 84 , 185 , 188 – 89 , 294 – 95
origin, 178
epistemic, 20 , 143 , 174 , 187 , 284 , 288
development of, 153 – 54 , 183 – 84 , 295
subjunct, 110 n.14, 185
all I’m saying (is), 208 , 212
history of, 221 – 23 , 223
source of, 224 – 25
American English, 66 , 79 , 136 , 171 , 171 n.5,
173 , 175 , 195 , 196 n.2
as/ so long as, 24
British English, 171 , 173 , 175 , 195 ,
195 n.2, 196 n.2
but, 5 , 15
development of, 15
Canadian English, 171 n.5
cleft sentence, 256 , 265 , 266 , 292
comment clause, 8 , 10 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 23 , 26 , 128 ,
139 , 146 , 162 , 168 , 171 , 172 , 179 , 191 ,
206 , 210 , 212 , 214 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 ,
222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 229 , 233 , 239 ,
251 , 261 , 267
complement preposing, 17 , 18 , 128 , 176
complement- taking predicate, 17 , 18 , 128 ,
129 , 165
Construction Grammar, 90 n.19, 295 – 97
conversion, or functional shift, 93 – 94
cooptation, 36 – 37 , 119 , 237
degrammaticalization, 91 – 92 , 92 n.23, 94
discourse marker, see pragmatic marker
double copula, 208 , 226 , 226 n.38
epistemic parenthetical, 17 n.18, 22 ,
127 – 29 , 171 , 177, 178, 187 , 188 , 284 ,
288 – 89
grammaticalization of, 16 – 17 , 159 – 62
in Chaucer
frequency, 145 – 46
function in discourse, 147 – 49
function in narration, 149
in ME, 138 – 43
in OE, 149 – 51
lexicalization of, 166
source of, 158 – 59
that deletion with, 154 – 57
epistemicity, 17 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 114 , 116 , 117 ,
130 – 31 , 133 , 137 , 185 , 191 , 230 , 234 ,
235 , 237 , 239 , see also adverbial,
epistemic and epistemic parenthetical
erstwhile, 85 , 85 n.15
evidentiality, 53 – 55 , 127 , 128 , 132 – 34 , 136 ,
143 , 147 , 153 , 162 – 63 , 164 , 183 , 288
exaptation, 94 n.25
for what it's worth, 291
function, 229 , 230 – 32
history, 245 – 49
in PDE, 242 – 43
parenthetical, 241 – 42
semantic development of, 249 – 50
synchronic sources, 243 – 44
syntactic development of, 247 – 49
French, 26 , 29 , 71 , 188 , 194 , 201 , 286 , 295
general extender, 4 , 28 , 34 , 268 , 269 , 273 – 78 ,
281 – 82 , 293
German, 31 n.33, 32 , 76 n.3, 86 n.17, 194 ,
215 n.23
gradience, intersective, 94 – 95
Subject Index
