330 Subject Index
grammaticalization, 18 , see also pragmatic
marker, grammaticalization of
bonding/ coalescence, 27 , 34 , 77 , 84 ,
90 , 165
decategorialization, 27 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 37 ,
73 , 77 , 84 , 89 , 90 – 91 , 110 , 112 , 164 , 165 ,
166 , 267 , 286
divergence, 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 73 , 77 , 84 , 89 ,
112 , 164 , 165 , 166
fixation, 27 , 29 , 73 , 77 , 84 , 88 , 90 ,
110 , 112
layering, 28 , 32 , 34 , 84 , 112 , 164 , 165
persistence, 6 , 28 , 32 , 34 , 84 , 89 , 164 ,
165 , 166
unidirectionality, 89 – 91 , 89 n.18,
89 n.19, 119
guess what?, 65
having said that, 193 , 293 – 94
frequency, 197 , 205f. 7.3
history of, 203 – 4
hwæt (OE), 1 , 14 – 15 , 285 – 86
comparison with PDE you know, 49
degree modifier, 45 – 46 , 55 – 56
evidential meaning, 53 – 55
grammaticalization of, 73
in prose, 56 – 57
in verse, 46 – 48
interjection, 43 – 44 , 46
marking of common ground, 49 , 52 – 53
with interjection, 62 – 64
hwæt þa (OE), 285
comparison with PDE so, 60 – 62
function, 57 – 60
I mean, 1 , 4 , 7 , 19 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 293
I promise, 19 , 187 , 288
I think, 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ,
26 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 54 , 128 , 128 n.2,
132 , 137 , 139 n.11, 140t. 5.1,
164 , 287
I’m just saying, 206 – 7 , 289 , 293
function of, 209 – 10
history of, 214 – 15
in SOAP corpus, 210 – 11
source of, 215 – 21
I/ you (modal) admit, parenthetical, 168 – 69 ,
171 – 72 , 289
as I/ you admit, 183
development of, 182 – 83 , 186 – 87
distribution of, 172 – 73
frequency of, 171 – 72
main clause you admit
development of, 181 – 82
performative I admit, 169 – 70
development of, 179 – 81
if I may say so, 291
as indirect condition, 233
as insubordinated clause, 236
function of, 230 – 31
history of, 236 – 38
in PDE, 232 – 34
semantic development of, 239 – 40
syntactic development of, 239
if only
clause, 114 , 290
development of, 120 – 22
independent use, 117 – 18 , 290
if you like, 290 , 291 , 296
if you please/ please, 21 – 22
if you prefer, 22 , 291 , 296
if you will, 22 , 29 , 289 , 297
impersonal verb, 18 , 21 , 130 , 131 n.5, 135 ,
136 , 139 n.11, 141 , 153 , 156 , 157 , 159 ,
160 , 161 , 164 , 166
indirect condition, 22 , 233 – 35 , 239 , 242 , 290 ,
291 , 297
inference, invited, 14 , 24 – 25 , 28 , 33 , 34 , 37 ,
61 , 70 , 71 , 76 , 163 – 64 , 268 , 286
insubordination, 22 , 116 – 17 , 118 – 19 , 237 ,
242 , 290 , 291
interjection, 7 , 13 , 42 , 49 , 66 , 67 , 272 , 285
in OE, 43 , 62 – 64 , 68 , 71
interpersonal meaning, 134 – 35 , see also
pragmatic marker, functions of,
interpersonal
intersubjectification, 24 , 25 – 26 , 29 , 33 , 90 ,
166 , 187 , 188 , 204 , 239 , 249
intersubjectivity, 25 , 32 , 51 , 165 , 187 , 191 ,
285 , 288
just, 220 – 21
Latin, 45 , 70 , 91 , 179 , 191 , 193 , 201 ,
201 n.10, 203 , 294
lexicalization, 30 – 31 , 31 n.33, 33 – 34 , 92 – 93 ,
94 , 166 – 67
like, 14
matrix clause hypothesis, 16 – 17 , 18 – 21 , 22 ,
23 , 157 , 161 , 177 – 78 , 187 , 191 , 216 , 256 ,
287 – 89 , 292 , 293 , 294 , 297
methinks, 19 , 30 , 135 – 36 , 137 , 157 , 164 , 165 ,
166 , 288
mind you, 19
only, conjunctive use, 26 , 97 – 100 , 286 – 87
as pragmatic marker, 101 – 04
comparison with but/ except/ save that,
100 – 1 , 287
origin of, 104–9
only, grammaticalization of, 110 , 111 – 14 , 286