Part II: Species Accounts166
Activity Patterns
Very little information is available.
The species was documented to visit and wallow in mud
holes at midday (Figure 16.5).Feeding Ecology
Very little information is available. It is presumed that the spe-
cies feeds on a wide variety of plant and animal matter such
as tubers, fallen fruit and invertebrates, similar to the closely
related S. philippensis. Local communities in Mt. Calavite report
wild pigs raiding indigenous upland crop fields (kaingin areas)
planted with root crops such as sweet potato (D. G. Tabaranza,
personal observation; Figure 16.6).Reproduction and Growth
No available information.Behaviour
No available information.Parasites and Diseases
No available information.Status in the Wild
IUCN status: Endangered.
The species is listed as Endangered under IUCN’s Criteria
B1ab (iii, v) + 2ab (iii, v) ver 3.1 because its extent of occurrence isless than 5000 km^2 and its area of occupancy is less than 500 km^2.
Because S. oliveri was previously considered a subspecies of
S. philippinensis, it was listed under Vulnerable in the list of threat-
ened Philippine terrestrial fauna list (DENR Administrative
Order 2004-15). Under the Philippine Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection Act (Republic Act 9147), illegal
acts committed against the species carry a maximum penalty
of one-year imprisonment and 100,000 Pesos fine. The DAO
2004-15 is currently under review and S. oliveri is evaluated as a
full species.
The main threats to this species include widespread destruc-
tion of former forest habitats with continuing decline in quality
in most areas contributing to severely fragmented distribution
(Figure 16.7). The species distribution map and protected area
boundaries show evident weaknesses in the existing protected
areas network on Mindoro. There are anomalies in local legisla-
tion pertaining to allowable hunting of threatened versus non-
threatened species by local indigenous peoples. Many (perhaps
most) of Mindoro’s remaining forest areas are also severely
threatened by commercial mining claims and salient ‘pro-
mining’ agendas by many of the relevant Philippine governmen-
tal authorities. Genetic contamination via hybridization with
free-ranging domestic pigs raised by hinterland communities
in Mindoro might pose the single most important threat to the
genetic integrity of this species (Oliver 1992, 1993, 2008; Oliver
et al. 1993; Gonzalez et al. 1999; Schütz 2016; W. L. R. Oliver,
personal communication 2014). The rate of hybridization has
not been studied or evaluated (Schütz 2014). The species is also
widely hunted for food, for the bushmeat trade, and for indigenousFigure 16.5 Mindoro warty pig visit-
ing a mud hole in Mt Iglit-Baco National
Park documented through a WWF
camera trap survey for Tamaraw.
© WWF-Philippines/FEU. (A black and
white version of this figure will appear
in some formats. For the colour version,
please refer to the plate section.).01812:38:32