Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries

Part II: Species Accounts

194

Taxonomy

The Javan and the Bawean warty pig (Sus verrucosus and

S.  blouchi, hereafter ‘warty pigs’ if both species are meant,

Figures 20.1, 20.2, and 20.3) are both endemic to the Indonesian

islands of Java and Bawean, respectively. The ancestry of warty

pigs in Indonesia has been traced back to several fossil pig spe-

cies of Java (Hardjasamita 1987). Combined with phylogenetic

data (Randi et al. 1996) this suggests that the Javan warty pig

Figure 20.1 Adult male Javan warty

pig (Sus verrucosus) aged 7 years, at

Cikananga Conservation Breeding

Centre (photo by Florian Richter).

(A black and white version of this figure

will appear in some formats. For the

colour version, please refer to the plate

section.)

Figure 20.2 Group of female and

immature Bawean warty pigs (Sus

blouchi), Bawean island (photo by Sandy

Leo, Bawean Endemic Conservation

Programme BEKI).

has evolved on Java for about 2 million years. Using genomic

data, Frantz et al. (2013) conclude that the Javan warty pig is an

evolutionary significant unit and is most distant from all other

Sus species in South East Asia. The Javan warty pig has coexisted

with the new proposed species of European wild boar (S. vitta-

tus) on the island of Java since its arrival in the Late Middle–Late

Pleistocene around 70,000 years ago (van den Bergh et al. 2001).

In 2011, Groves and Grubb described the species Bawean warty

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