Reference
Study area
Land
Habitat
Origin
Climate
LOS
Biodiv
GA1
EF1
GA2
EF2
GA3
EF3
GA4
EF4
Ickes et
al. 2003
Malaysia
Hill
Forest
Native
Tropical
6
Pos
Plant
N
Ickes et
al. 2005
Malaysia
Hill
Forest
Native
Tropical
36
Seedlings
N
Janilajtis 1984
Lithuania
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
24
Invertebrates
N
Jolley et
al. 2010
Georgia
Plain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
12
Vertebrates
N
Kaller et
al. 2007
USA
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Subtropical
1
Neg
Water
P
Kaller & Kelso 2006
USA
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Subtropical
48
Water
P
Water
N
P
P
Kaplan 2005
Israel
Hill
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
36
Plant
P
Seedlings
P
Koehler 1954
Poland
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
12
Forest
P
Kotanen 1995
USA
Hill
Grassland
Introd
Mediterranean
36
Krull et
al. 2013
New Zealand
Plain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
12
Neg
Seedlings
0
Soil
0
Soil
P
Kuiters & Slim 2002
Netherlands
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
120
Neg
Lacki & Lancia 1986
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
1
Plant
P
Lebedeva 1956
Kaukaz
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
3
Bulbs
N
Lebedeva & Kachanov 1955
Belarus
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
2
Invertebrates
N
Soil
N
Lincoln 2014
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Tropical
2
Invertebrates
P
Lubcenko 1973
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
6
Mammals
P
Mammals
N
Lyang & Lee 2010
Korea
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
12
Pos
Plant
N
Lynes & Campbell 2000
Australia
Plain
Grassland
Introd
Tropical
1
Plant
N
Medway 2001
New Zealand
Island
Forest
Introd
Temperate
.
Birds
N
Mitchell et
al. 2008
Australia
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Tropical
24
Invertebrates
N
Plant
0
Seedlings
0
Soil
0
Mohr et
al. 2005
Germany
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
24
Null
Forest
N
N
Moody & Allen Jones 2000
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Mediterranean
60
Soil
P
Soil
N
Murphy et
al. 2014
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Tropical
24
Plant
N
Palacio et
al. 2013
Spain
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
12
Plant
P
Parkes et
al. 2015
New Zealand
Plain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
36
Seedlings
N
Soil
0
Pavlov & Edwards 1995
Australia
Plain
Grassland
Introd
Tropical
24
Invertebrates
N
Picard & Baltzinger 2012
France
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
12
Plant
P
Piroznikow 1998
Poland
Hill
Forest
Native
Boreal
36
Soil
N
Pokrovsky 1950
Usbekistan
Plain
Fresh water
Native
Continental
24
Mammals
N
Mammals
N
P
Rakov 1970
Russia
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
5
Mammals
N
Risch et
al. 2010
Switzerland
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
5
Soil
P
P
Roda 2014
France
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
12
Birds
N
Roemer et
al. 2001
USA
Island
Shrubland
Introd
Mediterranean
120
Neg
Mammals
N
N
Rusakov & Timofeeva 1984
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
36
Bulbs
N
Invertebrates
N
Mammals
P
Salerni et
al. 2013
Italy
Mountain
Forest
Native
Temperate
24
Forest
N
Sanguinetti & Kitzber 2010
Argentina
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
48
Null
Plant
N
Saniga 2002
Slovakia
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
12
Birds
N
Schauss et
al. 1990
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Mediterranean
24
Null
Plant
P
Selva et
al. 2014
Poland
Mountain
Forest
Native
Temperate
1
Neg
Birds
N
Siemann et
al. 2009
USA
Plain
Forest
Introd
Subtropical
84
Plant
N
Plant
P
Seedlings
N
N
Siemann et
al. 2009
USA
Plain
Forest
Introd
Subtropical
96
Plant
N
Plant
P
Seedlings
N
N
Sierra 2001
Costa Rica
Island
Shrubland
Introd
Tropical
24
Soil
N
Sims et
al. 2014
United Kingdom
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Bulbs
N
Singer et
al. 1984
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
1
Mammals
N
Soil
P
Soil
N
Vertebrates
0
Singer et
al. 1984
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
24
Mammals
N
Soil
P
Soil
N
Vertebrates
0
Sliwa 1956
Poland
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
3
Forest
P
P
Sludskij 1956
Kazakhstan
Plain
Steppe
Native
Continental
60
Invertebrates
P
Solomatin 1972
Kazakhstan
Plain
Steppe
Native
Continental
3
Mammals
N
Stone 1991
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Tropical
3
Birds
N
Sweitzer & Van Vuren 2002
USA
Plain
Forest
Introd
Mediterranean
72
Neg
Plant
N
Seedlings
N
N
Taylor et
al. 2011
Australia
Plain
Forest
Introd
Tropical
12
Null
Invertebrates
0
Soil
0
Tierney & Cushman 2006
USA
Plain
Grassland
Introd
Mediterranean
60
Neg
Plant
N
Soil
0
Timofeeva 1980
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
72
Break
N
Seedlings
P
Tsarev 1979
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
72
Invertebrates
N
Vanschoenwinkel et
al. 2008
France
Plain
Fresh water
Native
Mediterranean
12
Invertebrates
P
Voronin 1975
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
168
Invertebrates
N
Welander 1995
Sweden
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Soil
P
Wilcox & van Vuren 2009
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Mediterranean
84
Neg
Vertebrates
N
Wirthner et
al. 2011
Switzerland
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
36
Soil
0
0
Wirthner et
al. 2012
Switzerland
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
24
Plant
N
Plant
P
Seedlings
N
Soil
P
Wirthner et
al. 2012
Switzerland
Mountain
Forest
Native
Continental
48
Plant
N
Plant
P
Seedlings
N
Soil
P
Zila 1955
Czechoslovakia
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
3
Forest
P
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